418 
Helianthus—continued. 
H. debilis (weak). .-heads yellow; rays in. or more in length ; 
disk Jin. or more in diameter. Summer. 7. varying from ovate 
to deltoid or obscurely hastate, occasionally sub-cordate, lin. to 
3in. long, toothed, on slender petioles, Stems Ift. to 3ft, high. 
1895. Annual. (B. M. 7432.) 
H. d. cucumerifolius (Cucumis-leaved). /l.-heads, vays fifteen 
to twenty, lin. or more in length. /. triangular-ovate, wavy, 
coarsely toothed, sub-cordate at base. 1883. 
H. decapetalus niger (black). A garden synonym of I. divari- 
catus. 
H. d. sulphureus elatior (sulphur, tall). 
of HW. giganteus. 
H. divaricatus (divaricate). jl.-heads, rays orange-yellow, lin. 
to lsin. long, acute; disk yellow; bracts half as long as the rays. 
1. ovate, acuminate, stalked, opposite or decussate, usually 
appressed. Stems smooth or scabrous, green or purplish, 4ft. to 
6ft. high, simple or branched near the summit. 1759. Perennial. 
Syn. IL. decapetalus niger (of gardens). 
H. doronicoides (Doronicum-like). _/l.-heads mostly crowded, 
on short peduncles; bracts ciliated on back and margins. 
1. opposite or the upper ones alternate, ovate, tapering to both 
ends, sessile, serrated, rough. Stems 5ft. to 8ft. high, densely 
pubescent and scabrous. 1759. A rather coarse - growing 
perennial. Syn. H. pubescens, of Hooker (B. M. 2778). 
H. giganteus (gigantic). /l.-heads deep yellow; rays lin. to 1}in. 
long. JU. lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, more or less scabrous 
on both sides, tapering, shortly petiolate or sub-sessile, minutely 
serrate or denticulate or entire, 3in. to Sin. jone Stems 
hispidulous or scabrous, 10ft. to 12ft. high. 1714. erennial. 
(B. M. 7555.) Syns. H. altissimus, H. decapetalus sulphureus 
elatior (of gardens). 
H. japonicus (Japanese). 
cestivus. 
H. leetiflorus (pretty-flowered),* /l.-heads yellow, usually several, 
rather shortly pedunculate; involucral bracts in two or three 
series; rays numerous, 2in. to 2sin. long. August. J. ovate- 
lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, 4in. to 10in. long, serrated. 
Stem stiff, 6ft. to 8ft. high, very leafy. 1810 and 1888. Perennial. 
Resembles tall forms of H. rigidus. Syn. H. atrorubens (of 
Lamarck). 
H. levigatus (smooth). /l.-heads bright yellow; rays six to 
eight, about lin. long. Jl. opposite or the upper ones alternate, 
lanceolate, acute, entire. Stems 3ft. to Sft. high, branched, deep 
purple. Perennial. 
H. Ligeri (Liger’s). 
H. letiflorus. 1897. 
H. linearis (linear). A synonym of Viguiera linearis. 
H. macrocarpus (large-fruited). A variety of H. annuus. 
H. Maximiliani (Maximilian’s).* ji.-heads bright golden-yellow, 
shortly pedunculate, terminal and axillary; rays often lin. 
long. October. J. almost all alternate, thickish, becoming rigid, 
very scabrous above, lanceolate, acute or acuminate at both ends, 
mostly sub-sessile, entire or eperingyy. denticulate. Stem stout, 
7f{t. to 12ft. high. Perennial. (R. H. 1895, p. 397.) 
H. mollis cordatus (heart-shaped).* /l.-heads orange-yellow, 
large, borne on long, leafy peduncles. /. broadly ovate, acute. 
Stems 3ft. to 5ft. high, leafy, branching. 1889. A splendid 
variety. (G. & F. 1889, p. 136, f. 100.) 
H. multiflorus (many-flowered). A variety of H. decapetalus. 
There are several garden forms, both single and double. 
H. Nuttallii (Nuttall’s). 7.-heads about the size of those of 
H. giganteus; bracts of the involucre naked or somewhat hirsute 
at base. 1. lanceolate or the upper ones linear, Sin. to 6in. long, 
serrulated or entire. Stem usually simple, 2ft. to 4ft. high. 
Rocky Mountains (in wet soil), 1899. 
H. occidentalis (Western). 7.-heads mostly solitary, on rather 
long peduncles; rays orange-yellow, ovate, lin. long; disk 
yellow. J/., radical and lower ones ovate, obtuse, or lanceolate- 
oblong, coriaceous, entire or serrated. Stem slender, 2ft. to 3ft. 
high, branched, hispid. Perennial. 
H. pubescens (of Hooker). A synonym of H. doronicoides. 
H. rigidus. Syns. H. atrorubens (of Michaux), Viguiera rigida. 
This species is often confused with Harpalium rigidum. There 
are a number of good yarieties, including wstivus (japonicus), 
elegans, grandiflorus, latifolius, and the following: 
H. r. semiplenus (half-double), /. having two, three, or more 
rows of ray florets. A garden variety. 
H. speciosus (showy). A synonym of Tithonia speciosa. 
H. strumosus (measly). A synonym of H. decapetalus. 
H. tubzeformis (tube-like). A synonym of Tithonia tubeformis. 
HELICHRYSUM. Inelnding Lewcostemma, Penta- 
tawis, and Swammerdamia. Aphelexis (which see) is also 
included hereunder by modern authorities. To the species, 
&c., described on pp. 127-8, Vol. II., the following should 
be added: 
H. brachyrhynchum (short-beaked). _//l.-heads brilliant yellow, 
with a very dark, flat disk, lin. across, solitary on long peduncles. 
A garden synonym 
An erroneous name for H. rigidus 
A garden hybrid between H. rigidus and 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Helichrysum—continued. 
June to September. 7. alternate, linear-lanceolate, entire, whitish- 
woolly. fh. 1ft. or more. Australia, Greenhouse. 
H. devium (devious). l.-heads several in a cyme, with a white 
involucre and a black disk; peduncles white. J. lanceolate, 
sessile, three-nerved, greyish-green, with white, wavy borders. 
Branches snowy-tomentose. h. 2ft. to 3ft. Madeira, Green- 
house shrub, 
H. Gunnianum is synonymous with 1. seorpivides. 
is a true species, but not in cultivation. 
H. Humboldtianum (ifumboldt’s). 
Humboldtianum. 
H. humile (dwarf). The correct name of Aphelexis humilis. 
Syn. Helipterum humile. 
H. Mannii is a form of H. fetidum. 
H. orientale (astern). jl.-heads bright yellow, small, globular, 
in terminal, branched corymbs. April to August. /. sessile, 
obtuse, entire, ovate-oblong or the upper ones lanceolate. Stems 
simple, erect. h. 1ft. to 1{ft. Crete, 1629. Plant whitish-woolly. 
This species is largely cultivated for Immortelles in the Mediter- 
ranean region. 
H. sesamoides (Sesamum-like).* /.-leads lin. to 14in. across, 
very handsome; involucre white, rosy, pale lemon, or mottled, 
lustrous, satiny. May. J. half-amplexicaul, subulate, rigid, 
glossy, keeled ; lower ones loosely set, lin. to 2in, long, flexuous ; 
upper ones fin. long. 4H. lft. to 2ft. South Africa, 1759. Green- 
house shrub. Syns. Aphelexis sesamoides, Helipterwm sesamoides. 
H. s. fasciculatum (fascicled). /.-teads, inyolucral scales 
pale lemon-yellow or primrose, the outer ones fulvous. SYNS. 
ema Jasciculatum, Xeranthemum fascieulatum (A. B. R. 
H. s. heterophyllum (variable-leaved). /l.-heads, involucral 
scales white, or the outermost ones brown-tipped. (A. B. R. 279, 
under name of Xeranthemum fasciculatum var.) 
H. vestitum (clothed). Cape Everlasting. /l.-heads satiny-white, 
medium-sized. July to September. J. linear, terminating in a 
black point, whitish. Stems erect, somewhat woody. South 
Africa. The flowers are largely employed for funeral and orna- 
mental purposes. 
HELICODEA. 
see). 
HELICONIA. To the species described on pp. 128-30, 
Vol. II., the following shonld be added. The plants described 
as H. aureo-striata, H. illustris, H. i. rubricaulis, and 
H. Sanderi are not Heliconias ; but their family having yet 
to be determined, they are referred to here for conyenience. 
H. aurantiaca (orange). The correct name of H. brevispatha. 
H. brasiliensis (Brazilian). 1. disposed in a flexuous thyrse ; 
spathes scarlet, five- to eight-flowered; scape equalling the 
leaves. September. /. oblong, acute, cordate at base, glabrous, 
2ft. long, sears beneath ; petioles 2ft. to 3ft. long. h. 6ft. to 8ft. 
Brazil, 1820. (H. E. F., t, 190.) 
H. brevispatha. The correct name is H. aurantiaca. 
H. Choconiana (Chocon’s). ji. yellowish, 2in. long; spathes 
scarlet, 2in. long; inflorescence sessile, terminal, deflexed. 
7. sessile on the sheaths, 6in. to 10in. long, 2in. broad, oblong- 
lanceolate, acuminate, shining green. h. 3ft. to 4ft. Guatemala, 
1888. (G. & F. 1888, i., pp. 161-2, f. 31.) 
H. illustris (remarkable).* /. ovate-lanceolate, the veins clearly 
marked in rose-pink. South Sea Islands, 1893. A beautiful 
foliage plant, of Musa-like habit. 
H. i. rubricaulis (red-stemmed). 7. 14ft. to 2ft. long; nerves 
and petioles, as well as the stem, of a bright red. 1896. (R. H. 
1896, p. 36.) 
H. nitens (shining). J. obliquely oblong-ovate, bright satiny- 
green. Mexico, 1883, A small, neat species. 
H. Sanderi (Sandevr’s). This plant is closely allied to H. ilustris, 
but is less robust and the variegation of the leaves consists of 
marbling instead of reticulation. New Guinea, 1899. 
H. spectabilis (remarkable). 7. green above, dull purple 
beneath, and having a red midrib. Tropical Asia, 1892. (I. H. 
xxxix., t. 156.) 
H. triumphans is a form of H. Bihai. 
H. viridis (green). 7. i}ft. to 2ft. long, 6in. broad, pale green. 
Polynesia, 1883. A fine plant, of graceful habit. 
HELICOPHYLLUM (from helix, helikos, spiral, and 
phyllon, a leaf; alluding to the lateral segments of the 
older leaves. Orb. Aroidew. A small genus (four or five 
species) of Western Asiatic, greenhouse or hardy, tuberous 
herbs. Flowers on an appendiculate spadix, the males and 
females remote, with subulate, neuter organs between ; 
spadix much shorter than the spathe, slender or robust ; 
spathe marcescent, the tube oblong, sub-ventricose, per- 
sistent, the lamina oblong, erect ; peduncle much shorter 
than the leaves. Leaves long-petiolate, thickly coriaceous, 
H. Gunnii 
A synonym of Heliplerum 
Included under Billbergia (which 
