428 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
HOFFMANNIA. To the erence described on p. 147, 
Vol. Il., the following shonld be added : 
H. pheenicopoda (purple-footed). #. inconspicuons. J. ovate- 
oblong, acute, dark green es violet-red on the under- 
surface. Central America (%), 1898. 
HOFFMANSEGGIA (named in hononr of J. F. Hoff- 
mansegg). ORD. Leguminose. A genus embracing abont 
fourteen species of dwarf, mostly stove herbs or under- 
shrubs; two are South African and the rest American. 
They are very closely allied to Cxsalpinia. Two of the 
species have been introdnced, but it is doubtful if they are 
still in cultivation. 
HOG NUT. See Carya porcina. 
HOHENBERGIA. This genns is included under 
Zichmea (which see). 
H. capitata (headed). A synonym of #chmea exsudans. 
H. erythrostachys (red-spiked). A synonym of chmea 
glomerata. 
H. Legrelliana (Legrell’s). A synonym of Ortgiesia Legrelleana. 
HOLARRHENA (from _holos, entire, and arrhen, a 
male; in allusion to the anthers). Orp. Apocynacez. A 
genus embracing seven or eight species of stove trees or 
shrubs, found in tropical Asia and Africa, and allied to 
Tabernemontana. Flowers white, cymose. Leaves 
opposite, membranous. H. age bee (Syns. H. villosa, 
Chonemorpha antidysenterica) has been introduced, but is 
not in general cultivation. 
HOLBCGLLIA. This genus is monotypic, H. acuminata 
being now regarded as merely a variety of H. lattfolia 
(with which species Stauntonia latifolia is synonymous). 
HOLCOCHLZENA. Inclnded under Pellea (which 
see). 
HOLLY, AMERICAN. See Ilex quercifolia. 
HOLLYHOCK. In certain positions in the garden 
no other flower is so effective as the Hollyhock, but it 
has not been so popular in recent years as it used to be, 
becanse of the difficulty in cultivating the plants owing to 
the disease. If clean plants can be “obtained, say, in “the 
autamn, they should be wintered in frames, and the pots 
plunged to the rims in cocoa-nut fibre or similar material. 
‘They are usually wintered in small-sized flower-pots, and 
in the spring repotted in 5in. and 6in. size. In April they 
may be planted out where they are to flower. The 
Hollyhock is a very gross-feeding plant, and requires 
a rich, deep soil. ‘The ground ought always to be well 
trenched and mannred during the winter, when it is usually 
in good condition at planting time in the spring. 
It is a good thing when putting out the plants to have 
at hand a barrow-load of good prepared compost, such as 
is used in the potting-shed: a little of it should be 
placed around the ball of the roots as the plants are 
turned ont of the pots; this gives them a good start. A 
stont stick, standing some 6ft. ont of the ground, will be 
required, and it is best to put the sticks into the ground 
at once, and plant the Hollyhocks up to them, fastening 
the stems to them at the same time. The plants soon 
start into rapid growth, and must be fastened to the 
sticks as growth progresses. As soon as dry weather 
sets in, the plants should be freely watered, and some 
decayed manure placed around the base to prevent undae 
evaporation. 
Some cultivators remove the lateral growths, so that 
the centre spike may be of splendid quality. Such 
growths are furnished both with eyes containing leaf- 
buds, and with flower-buds. The leaf-buds, if cut out 
and inserted in small pots in sandy soil, will produce 
nice young plants. They should be treated much as 
yine eyes are. The small pots should be plunged in a 
spent hot-bed, when the bud will, in a week or ten days, 
come through the soil. Great care must be taken in 
watering them at this stage, as they have considerable 
tendency to rot off; but as the plants advance in growth 
and form roots, they should be potted on into large 
‘‘sixties,”’ and in these they will pass the winter, but 
must be potted on in the early spring months. 
Hollyhocks are also propagated in the spring by root- 
grafting, and by cuttings from growths obtained from 
the old stools. To obtain these the old plants should be 
lifted out of the ground in October, and planted in 
flower-pots from 6in. to Sin. in diameter; there is no 
need to over-pot them. The plants may either be 
Hollyhock—continued. 
wintered in a garden-frame or in a cool greenhouse, and 
in February or March the cuttings will be ready. 
one should be taken with a sharp knife close to the main 
stem of the plant, and potted in ‘“‘thumbs”’ in sandy soil. 
If the soil is moist, and the cuttings are placed in the 
propagating-frame of a forcing-house, they will require 
little or no water until roots are formed, and an over- 
supply of water might cause most of them to rot off at 
the base. They will soon start into growth if they do 
well, and must, of course, be inured to a more airy place 
as soon as possible. 
Root-grafting is merely the process of tying the shoot 
to a bit of Hollyhock root, after cutting the growth and 
the root much in the same way as ordinary whip-grafting 
of fruit-trees. Growths shonld be planted in small 
flower-pots, deep enough to leave the point of union just 
above the surface. These spring-propagated plants will 
flower rather later than those struck from eyes or in 
any other way in the autumn. 
Propagation from seed is much the easiest way to raise 
a stock of Hollyhocks, and, of course, it is always best 
to save the seed from the very best varieties. Such 
plants should also be cross-fertilised, for if this is not 
done the seedlings produce flowers differing very little 
from the parent plant, most of them inferior in quality, 
but some equally good, and very few of them better. If 
the seed is sown soon after it is gathered and dried, and 
the plants are preserved through the winter in garden- 
frames, they flower strongly the following season; 
but if the seed is obtained during the winter, it is as 
well to sow it in May or June, planting the ‘seedlings, 
when strong enough, where they are to flower. Seedlings 
when planted out require exactly the same treatment as 
the named varieties. 
In hot, dry seasons, the leaves of Hollyhocks become 
much damaged by Red Spider, which attacks the under- 
sides of the leaves. The best way to destroy it is to 
syringe freely. This may be done frequently by the use 
of clean rain-water, and the mechanical action of the 
water will dislodge the pest. Tobacco-water effectnally 
destroys it. : 
Varieties. Several fine additions to the list of named 
varieties of Hollyhocks have been made within recent 
years. Some of the best are as follow : 
Doubles. ALETHA SMITH, pink, sometimes tinted with buff; 
ALFRED CHATER, rose mottled, good form; APOLLON, cherry- 
rose; AQUILA, deep purple; BEauTY, rosy-lilac; BLACK 
KNIGHT, very dark maroon; CRIMSON KING, bright crimson ; 
CRIMSON QUEEN, deep crimson (one of the best); DELI- 
CATISSIMA, cream, on a darker ground; EUCLID, deep yellow, 
tinged bronze ; EXvuLtTIM, blac ish-maroon ; JAMES ALLEN, 
deep claret; MARY AY, flesh pink} MULBERRY Ge, 
reddish- mulberry ; Ovip, bright cerise ; PURPLE PRINCE, rich 
urple ; QUEEN OF THE WHITES; VAQUERO, primrose; 
WALDEN PRIMROSE, light primrose, with chocolate base. 
Singles. ATHELSTANE, dark claret ; LANGPORT RIVAL, crimson, 
with wavy petals; MARJoRY, deep ‘claret ; PARRET PRIDE, soft 
puce, with rose-coloured centre; SULPHUR QUEEN, pale 
yellow; WEARNE WYCHE, white, with pink centre. 
HOLLYHOCK FUNGUS (Puccinia malvacearwm). 
In addition to the preventive measures suggested in 
Vol. IL, p. 149, weak Bordeaux Mixture should be 
sprayed upon the diseased plants. Condy’s Fluid, used 
in the proportion of 2 gills to each } gallon of water, has 
proved very effectual. All dead and decaying leaves 
should be collected and burned. 
HOLLY-LEAF FLY (Pagina ilicis). This pest 
is far more debilitating to Hollies than is generally 
supposed, as in bad attacks the leaves are shed in quanti- 
ties. When this is the case the cast foliage should be 
collected and burned, and just prior to the appearance of 
the perfect insects next season the trees shonld be syringed 
with a solution of soft soap and quassia. 
arama tas Included under Scirpus (which 
see). 
HOLOTHRIEX (from jolos, whole, and thriz, hair; 
in reference to the stem being covered with hairs). Orb. 
Orchidez. A genns embracing about eighteen species of 
stove or greenhonse, terrestrial Orchids, natives of 
tropical and South Africa and Madagascar. Flowers 
small, in slender, usually secund spikes: sepals some? 
times hairy; petals entire or variously divided at apex 
