£ Landscape Gardening—continwed. 
at a 
Fic. 490, TRACING A CURVE BY CHEMINEMENT. 
and that the flatter the curves the shorter they become. 
The operator, therefore, as he proceeds, must remember 
ye ee ee 
AS Fic, 491, TRACING A PARABOLIC CURVE. 
7c 
these proportions. Contra-curves (Fig. 492) very often 
occur in the tracing of alleys, the object being to get 
round an apparent or a real obstacle in the formation 
of the ground, such as a rock, &c. Im such a case the 
gardener has to trace first one curve and then the other, 
with the same proportions, taking care that no breach 
of the line occurs at F. 
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Fic. 492. TRACING A CONTRA-CURVE. 
In tracing an alley it is usual to first insert pegs at 
a considerable distance from each other; say, every 60ft. 
Some workers trace first one side of the alley and then 
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> LLY 
SS 
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= 
DB 
Fic, 493, CoRRECT JUNCTION OF ALLEYS. 
LL 
1900 SUPPLEMENT—RECENT INTRODUCTIONS, &c. 471 
Landscape Gardening—continued. 
the other, but it is preferable to trace the axis first, as 
it will afterwards be easier to effect a harmonious 
junction of the different alleys. The axis traced, it is 
usual to go over the work again, correcting the defects. 
Two men take a rod, equal in length to the width of 
the proposed alley, and mark its centre. They stop at 
each peg and set the rod at right angles to the axis, 
while a third man holds the mark just on the axis, and 
a peg is then inserted at each extremity of the rod, 
marking exact points in both sides of the alley. 
Fig. 493 represents a correct junction (formed when the 
axes have been first traced), in which the alleys con- 
verge well at their point of janction, so that when the 
sides have been traced it is only necessary to round the 
Fic. 494. DEPrECTIVE JUNCTION OF ALLEYS. 
angles. In Fig. 494 is shown a defective junction of 
alleys (a result easily obtained when one side of an 
alley has been first traced, and then the other), where 
the different axes do not meet well. 
When the general tracing has been done, and the 
defects have all been corrected, some intermediate pegs 
on the sides are inserted 15ft. from each other, and 
driven well in. Those marking the axis are then taken 
out. Pegs marking the outlines of beds, in order not to 
be confused with those marking the alley, must be 
painted at the top or else inserted 
in an inclined direction. In gardens 
the outlines of beds bordering an 
alley must be strictly parallel to 
them; but the sides facing the lawn 
may be irregular. 
Practical methods for tracing on the 
ground symmetrical designs, with the 
help of instruments, are numerons ; 
but the following simple rules will 
enable those who do not possess the 
latter, and are not accustomed to 
: r their use, to obtain a similar resalt 
simply with the aid of a garden line and a few pegs. 
(1) To trace with the line a straight line perpendicular 
to another straight line (Fig. 495): On the line AB two 
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ZG}; z A 
Z ON 
sae ALS 
ee Bethe 
& oN 
sae ees 
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A &E C jo 238} 
Fic. 495. TRACING WITH A GARDEN 
LinE A PERPENDICULAR AND AN 
EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE. 
pegs are inserted at EB, F, at equal 
distances from the centre (C); nooses, 
formed at each extremity of the 
garden line, are passed over E and 
¥F, and in the middle of the line a 
knot is made, By holding the line 
at D and tightening it, DC, the 
