478 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Landscape Gardening—coitinued. 
when in blossom. They may be either of one colour 
or mixed. A good disposition is to plant in the middle 
different red varieties. The edges should consist of one 
sort only. Kalmia latifolia forms very nice edges round 
groups of varieties and hybrids of Rhododendron maximum 
and R. arboreum. The intervening spaces may be planted 
with Lilium auratum. 
For planting hedges, different ways of more or less 
The most 
practical value have been recommended. 
ES 
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lon 4 
Landscape Gardening—continued. 
Artificial undulations of the gronnd, if used with care 
and taste, are very decorative, and the happiest effects 
and contrasts, giving a great variety of aspect, are 
possible. On a perfectly flat ground, when a large 
surface has to be dealt with, it is not advisable to use 
them. In the case of a lake which has been dug, the 
excavated soil may be used to raise the verges of the 
lawn; buat, in such situations, decorative aspects depend 
more on the plantations. In Fig. 513, the plan of a villa 
: garden is given, together with the 
longitudinal section (AB), and the 
transverse section (CD), illustrating 
the formation of the ground-surface. 
In the middle of the lawn is a 
cemented lake (F), and with the earth 
excavated, a mound has been formed 
at E, serving as background to the 
picture. The side facing the lake (F) 
is covered with rocks, planted with 
Fic. 512. METHOD OF ARRANGING DIRECT VIEW. 
advantageous method is to insert a row of young plants 
at 20in. from the boundary line of the property—often 
marked by a ditch. ‘They may also be planted at the 
bottom of the ditch, the double advantage of which is 
that they are not seen from a distance, and, at the 
same time, are protected. Good hedges are formed with 
Berberis vulgaris, Crategus Oxyacantha, 
C. lucida, Ilex Aquifoliwm, and Maclwura 
herbaceous plants and ferns, hiding 
the filling-pipe, and so disposed as to 
form a cascade. The remainder of the 
mound is planted with shrubs and 
trees, and on the top is a summer-house. The boundary 
walls are hidden by thick plantations of shrubs and 
trees (G, G), and H is a shady resting-place. The groups 
J, J, close to the house, are composed of Rhododendrons 
and Kalmias. The groups K, K are planted with evergreen 
shrubs and other plants. L, L are two Weeping Willows. 
aurantiaca. Hedges of Crategus and 
Tlex together are very effective and 
decorative at the same time. 
GROUNDWORK. This cannot be 
governed by hard-and-fast rules; the 
natural forms of an undulated surface 
are so numerous that practically every 
case has to be treated differently. The 
_ natural ground inclinations cannot be 
altered, though their defects may be 
improved. While dealing with the 
details, the natural character of the 
situation must remain predominant. 
The centre of a lawn may be hollowed 
out and its verges raised, giving to 
the whole surface an agreeable un- 
dulating appearance, and at the same 
time increasing its surface. The places 
intended for groups of trees and shrubs 
and flower-beds should be raised above 
the ground-level, forming mounds 
which harmonise with the general in- 
clination of the lawn. Between these 
groups and beds long, sweeping, dale- 
like depressions should be formed, of 
which the principal must have their 
lines of sight directed to the house or 
other points of rest, and their middle 
—that is, their lowest part—must never 
on any account be planted. 
Tf in front of the house, or anywhere 
in proximity to it, there are hillocks 
interrupting the view, they must be 
removed. Fig. 512 is a section repre- 
senting such a ground disposition. The 
house (A) is required to be seen in 
elevation from B, at the bottom of 
the park, where there is a ruin of pic- 
turesque appearance ; from B the view 
of the honse is partly hidden by the 
crest C and the hillock D. To remedy 
this evil, all the soil above the dotted 
line in C and D should be taken off 
and brought to KH, filling the deep 
hollow there represented. A long, 
sweeping line should be formed. Such 
obstacles as C and D not only intercept the view, but 
also give to the surface a confined appearance, while by 
their removal the opposite effect is obtained. In large 
gardens and parks it is only the surface of the ground 
close to the house and the drives that are dealt with. 
The remainder is left untouched. 
Fig. 513. PLAN OF A VILLA GARDEN, 
AB, Longitudinal Section; CD, Transverse Section. 
M, M are Conifers planted on small eminences with soft 
slopes. N is a Bamboo. O is a red Horse-chestnut, and 
at P, P are specimens of Chamerops in their summer 
garb. The beds Q, Q are ocenpied during the summer 
with bedding-plants. R is a specimen of Cortaderia 
(Gynerium). The beds Q, Q are about 2ft. above the 
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