480 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
ae tee oe 
Landscape Gardening—continued. 
with the line of ground having the greatest fall, and 
the main drain should lead to the lower ground and 
fall into a lake or a river, being discharged above the 
water-level. ‘The drains of the lawns should be made 
to join those running parallel with the drives and alleys. 
Collecting-drains should have a fall of lin. to the 
yard, and should join the main channel at an acute 
angle. The pipes must be covered with porous material, 
such as ordinary soil, broken bricks, crocks, stones, or 
clinkers, &c., within 6in. of the surface of the ground. 
See also Garden, Vol. II. 
LANGUAS. A synonym of Alpinia (which see). 
LANGWORT. See Veratrum album. 
LANIUM (from lana, wool; in allusion to the woolly 
flowers). ORD. Orchidee. A small genus (two or three 
species) of stove, epiphytal Orchids, natives of Brazil, 
Surinam, &c., allied to Epidendrum (which see for 
culture). Flowers rather small, shortly pedicellate ; 
dorsal sepal free, incurved; lateral ones broader, faleate ; 
petals like the dorsal sepal, but narrower; lip connate in 
a short tube with the base of the short column, Leaves 
rigid or rather fleshy. 
L. Berkeleyi (Berkeley's). 1. 
brown dots, small. J. short. 
oblong. Brazil, 1894. 
L. microphyllum (small-leaved). jl. dull purple or greenish, 
woolly; raceme terminal. J. distichous, narrow, fleshy, 
channelled, acute, serrulated, much shorter than the raceme. 
Demerara. A small, creeping species. SYN. Epidendrum 
microphyllum. 
green, with minute reddish- 
Pseudo-bulbs small, linear- 
L. subulatum (awl-like). jl. pale green. J. subulate. Brazil, 
1896. Plant small in all its parts. 
LANKESTERIA. According to C. B. Clarke, 
L. parviflora is the correct name ‘of L. hispida (Syn. 
L. longiflora). 
LANTANA. To the species and varieties described 
on p. 234, Vol. I., the following should be added : 
L. involucrata (involucred). /. in dense, globose heads; corolla 
lilac, with a yellow throat; bracts squarrose, silky. Autumn. 
7. opposite or ternate, scarcely lin. long, ovate or roundish- 
rhomboid or oblong. Branches rigid, spreading. Ah. 3ft. 
West Indies, 1690. 
L. nivea angustifolia (narrow-leaved). <A 
L. n. mutadilis. 
L. n. grandiflora (large-flowered). In this form the flowers 
as well as the leaves are much larger than in the type. 
Varieties. Comparatively few new varieties have been 
introduced, though there are one or two of exceptional 
merit: Drap d’Or, whose bright yellow flowers are very 
useful in the summer beds; Heclat; Giselle; Hybrida ; 
Phosphore; Pluie d’Or, and Reyeil. Those who grow 
Lantanas must be watchful that with them is not intro- 
duced a very destructive species of Seale, Orthezia 
insignis (which see). 
synonym of 
LAPAGERIA. ‘To the species and varieties de- 
seribed on p. 2385, Vol. Il., the following should be 
added : 
L. rosea Ilsemanni (Ilsemann’s).* A vigorous and free- 
flowering form, with larger and more brightly coloured flowers 
than those of the type. 1897. (R. G. 1897, t. 1445.) 
Other varieties of garden origin are Nash Court, an 
improvement upon DL. r. swperba, The Knoll, and Warnham 
Court. 
LAPEYROUSIA. According to J. G. Baker, this 
genus consists of thirty-two species, natives of Sonthern 
and tropical Africa. Flowers generally small; perianth 
with an almost eylindrical tube slightly dilated towards 
the throat, the segments oblong-lanceolate, spreading ; 
stamens inserted at the throat of the tube, unilateral, 
close, arcuate; filaments short; spathe valves small or 
large, usually herbaceous. Leaves distichous, sub-terete, 
linear or ensiform, 
To the species deseribed on p. 235, Vol. IT., the following 
shonld be added : 
L. grandiflora (large-flowered).* (/l., perianth bright red, 2in, 
in diameter, with a yellow eye, the three lower segments haying 
a large, triangular, dark crimson spot; spikes four- to ten- 
flowered. 1. 6in. to 12in. long, }in. broad. Corm small, stolon- 
iferous. South-east Tropical Africa. Greenhouse. Similar in 
habit to Anomatheca cruenta, but larger. (B. M. 6924.) 
LAPORTEA. ‘To the species described on p. 235, 
Vol. IJ., the following should be added : 
L. moroides (Mulberry-like). %., panicles in pairs from the 
axils of the lowest leaves. fr. purple, Mulberry-like, in 
pendent bunches, remaining on the plant in a 
dition for nearly a year. J. 6in. to in. long, broadly ovate- 
cordate with an acute sinus, often peltately attached to the 
petiole, acuminate, coarsely serrated, pubescent or villous. 
Queensland, 1887. A large, greenhouse shrub or small tree, 
virulently stinging. (B. M. 7057.) 
LARBREA. Included under Stellaria (which see). 
LARCH APHIS (Chermes laricis). 
A species of 
Aphis causing damage to the foliage of Larches. For 
remedies, see Aphides. 
LARCH BLISTER. Another name for Larch 
Canker. 
LARCH CANKER, or LARCH BLISTER 
(Dasyscypha calycina). A well-known destructive fungoid 
disease of the Larch, found in many countries, 
including America. Like the Canker of Apple-trees, it is 
a wound-fungus; it thrives more especially in low, damp 
situations, and, according to Hartig, Larches in such 
situations soon become diseased, and die in a few years 
without any large blisters making their appearance. 
Trees which are attacked by imsects like the larve of 
the Larch Moth are usually affected, as in the wounds 
made by the insects the spores find a resting-place, and 
with congenial conditions soon develop. ‘The indications 
of Canker may be found in late summer by a falling of 
the needles, which previously have assumed an unhealthy 
appearance, together with depressed spots on the twigs and 
stems. Rapidly the fungus spreads by means of the 
mycelium until the whole tree may be involved. The 
characteristic cups are produced upon resinous swellings 
upon the branches. They are beautiful objects, and have 
aes been described in Vol. III., under Peziza (which 
see). 
The disease is a difficult one to combat once it has 
attacked a plantation. Cultivators should, however, 
remember that in summer it remains stationary, the 
mycelium again becoming active towards autumn and con- 
tinuing through winter. The best treatment that can be 
recommended is to cut out the Canker-spots ; but this, of 
course, is only possible when a few trees are involved. 
Afterwards such spots should be dressed with copper 
sulphate (see Fungicides), and then coated with tar. 
Preventive measures consist in so locating the Larch that 
it gets plenty of air in an open, elevated situation. In 
such a place it is far less liable to be attacked than 
when grown in moist valleys. All diseased parts removed 
should be carefully burned. 
LARCH, FALSE or CHINESE. 
lavix. 
LARCH MOTH (Coleophora laricella). The larve 
of this small Moth are directly responsible for much 
injury to the Larch, by devouring the young and tender 
buds in spring. The genus is a large one, and well 
represented in this conntry. The larvye mine when 
young, but afterwards fashion out a case in which they 
dwell. The larva of the species under notice constructs 
a whitish cylindrical case ont of-the fragments of food- 
plant, and may be found from September onward to 
May. It is brown in colour, The Moth is rather more 
than jin. in stretch of wings, and both fore-wings and 
hind-wings are grey, as are also head and antenne. It 
is on the wing in midsummer. In very bad cases trees 
are practically defoliated. Remedies are practically use- 
less in the case of this insect. 
LARICIO. Sce Pinus Laricio. 
LARIX. To the species and varieties described on 
pp. 235-6, Vol. II., the following (based on Dr. Masters’ 
‘List of Conifers and Taxads,”’ 1892) should be added : 
L. americana. The correct name is L. pendula. 
Abs pena E noe (Archangel). A garden synonym of LD, ewropea 
svoririca. 
UL. chinensis (Chinese). A-synonym of Cunninghamia sinensis. 
L. davurica [not dahwrica]). There are two varieties— 
japonica (with bluish-green leaves) and prostrata (prostrate). 
L. kurilensis may be the same as L. d. japonica. 
L. europza rossica (Russian), More compact than the type, 
free in growth, and of graceful habit. - 
See Pseudo- 
plump con-- 
> 
