484 
Lawn Mowers—continued. 
wheels connected—is pushed under the machine, so that 
the part in front of the rollers rests on the wood cushion 
of the carriage, where it remains firm, and may then be 
wheeled rapidly over rongh walks or ground withont any 
injury to the machine. 
Steam Lawn Mowers were introduced a few years ago, 
and haye proved more economical than those worked by 
horse-power ; they do their work well where the lawns are 
moderately level, and will no doubt be more in demand 
for cricket-grounds and similar places in the future. 
They are easily managed, and the cost of fuel is light. 
LAWN-SWEEPING MACHINE. This is a very 
useful machine, and is made in two sizes—one worked by 
horse-power, and the other by two men. There are four 
brushes, which revolve rapidly, sweeping everything up 
into a receptacle behind, leaving the grass quite clean 
and fresh-looking. When full, the receptacle is easily 
removed by being drawn out from the slides which keep 
it in position; but in the horse-power machine the 
receptacle is emptied by a lever, which opens a flap and 
deposits the rubbish in a heap on the ground. See 
Fig. 514. 
LAXMANNIA (of Fischer). 
(which see). 
LAXMANNIA (of 
Petrobium (which see). 
LAYIA. To the species described on p. 244, Vol. IL., 
the following should be added : 
L. elegans (elegant).* l.-heads numerous, l4in. across; ray 
florets yellow on the basal half, white above; disk yellow. 
1., lower ones pinnatifid; cauline ones narrow-lanceolate, sub- 
amplexicaul. Stems much-branched, reddish, pubescent. 1883. 
A dwarf, but very showy and floriferous annual. 
L. e. alba (white). There is a white-flowered form of this. 
L. glandulosa (glandular).* _/.-heads solitary, lin. in diameter ; 
ray florets white, flat, broadly obovate, three-lobed at apex; 
disk yellow, small. Summer. J. alternate, linear, obtuse, lin. 
to l1sin. long. 1886. A beautiful, glandular-hairy annual, 
branching from the base. (B. M. 6856.) 
L. heterotricha (variable-haired). j.-heads white, sometimes 
tinged with rose; ray florets ten to eighteen; hairs of the 
pappus bristles less abundant, the inner woolly ones wanting. 
Generally larger and more erect ; otherwise like L. glandulosa. 
California. 
LAYING-IN. The process of Laying-in the young 
wood of trees against walls to fill up, extend, or form the 
tree is known by this name. The temporary insertion of 
newly-received trees from a nursery or other source in a 
shallow trench, where they can remain until permanently 
planted, is also termed Laying- or Heeling-in. 
LAZY-BEDS. A form or system of Potato culture 
that never found much favour, and is now obsolete. It 
consisted in deeply digging a piece of ground, and putting 
the tubers on the surface in straight lines; the soil was 
taken out from between the rows and placed on the 
tubers, the Potatoes thus growing on ridges. Another 
plan was to have the ground dug as above, the tubers 
put more closely on the surface, and alleys made round 
the beds, the soil from the alleys being spread evenly 
over the tubers. 
LEADER. The terminal shoot of an excurrent trank, 
commonly forming the apex of a conical tree, as in the Fir. 
LEZEBA. A synonym of Cocculus (which see). 
LEAF BLIGHT OF CELERY. See Cercospora. 
LEAF-BLIGHT, or LEAF-SCALD, OF PEAR 
AND QUINCE (Entomosporium maculatum). This is a 
much-dreaded fungoid disease in America, where it is 
particularly destructive to the two fruits associated with 
its name, though not entirely restricted thereto, Apples, 
Peaches, and Cherries also being attacked. Spring or 
early summer is the season when the disease principally 
manifests itself in the form of roundish, reddish spots on 
the newly-opened leaves; or it may not show itself until 
summer is well advanced. The spots in bad cases run 
into one another, and thus the roundish shape they at 
first assumed is destroyed. They also darken with age, 
and are depressed. Shoots and fruits, as well as foliage, 
are attacked, and frequently the last-named all falls off. 
A synonym of Coluria 
Forster). A synonym of 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Leaf-Blight—continued. 
Weak Bordeaux Mixture should be applied directly the 
disease is seen, and the sprayings shonld be repeated 
at intervals. Unless, however, all the fallen leaves and 
the diseased shoots are carefully burned, the fungus 
will appear again the following season. It may be that 
the sprayings in the early part of the year when the 
fruits are small, may not be sufficient to entirely check 
the spread of the disease. In that case one of the clear 
Fungicides (which see) should be employed. 
LEAF-BLIGHT OF STRAWBERRY (Sphezrella 
fragariz). See Strawherry-Leaf Blight. 
LEAF-CAST OF PINES (Lophodermum pinustri). 
See Pine Blight or Pine Needle Cast. 
LEAF CUP. Sce Polymnia. 
LEAFP-CURL OF PEACH. 
(Vol. II.). 
LEAF-CURL OF POTATO (Macrosporium solani). 
See Potato—Fungi. 
LEAF-CUTTER BEES. 
noptera. 
LEAF-RUST. See Chrysanthemum Leaf-Rust. 
LEAF SPOT OF CELERY. See Cercospora. 
LEAF WEEVILS. A name applied to certain 
species of Phyllobius (which see). 
LEAROSA. A synonym of Doryphora (which see). 
LEAST YELLOW UNDERWING. ‘See Try- 
phena. 
LEATHER JACKET. 
ifera. 
LEAVES. See Leaf. 
LECANIUM. A genus of Scales, several species of 
which have proved themselves pests in this and other 
countries. DL. Persice, the Brown Peach Scale, has already 
been described and illustrated under Scale Insects in 
Vol. III. Then there is the Brown Currant Scale (L. coryli ; 
LL. ribis), which is common upon hardy bush fruits like 
Gooseberry, Currant, and Raspberry, as well as upon certain 
ornamental trees and shrubs—Cotoneasters, for instance. A 
common and destructive species of this genus is genevense, 
affecting Hawthorns and very occasionally Apple-trees. 
This is also one of the species of which the males are 
known and recognised. The female is a deep red; but 
the male is of a vivid red and extremely small in 
comparison, even for Scales, with his partner. They may 
be found upon Hawthorns in early spring, and in very 
large numbers. Under glass there is a minute species 
showing a partiality for Roses; it is of a dirty-yellow 
colour, spotted with black, and round in form. For 
method of treatment, see Scales, in present volume, and 
also Seale Insects, in Vol. III. 
LECANIUM HESPERIDUM. Sce Scale Insects. 
LECANIUM PERSICZH. See Peach —Insect 
Pests. 
LECANIUM VITIS. See Vine Scale Insects. 
LECANOPTERIS (from lekane, a dish, and Pieris, a 
Fern ; in allusion to the habit). Orp. Filices. A genus 
embracing four or five species of stove Ferns, natives of 
Malaya, allied to Dicksonia and Deparia. I. carnosa is 
remarkable for the form and manner of growth of its 
rhizome, which forms an irregular, putty-like crust sur- 
rounding the branches of trees, to which it clings by 
means of short, brown, fibrous roots; the interior is full 
of small cavities or galleries, similar to those of Hydno- 
phytum and Myrmecodia. The plant is (or was recently) 
grown at Kew. 
LECHLERA. A synonym of Solenomelus (which 
see). 
LECONTIA. A synonym of Peltandra (which see). 
LECYTHEA ROSZ. ‘See Rosa—Fungi. 
LEDEBOURIA HYACINTHINA. A 
of Scilla indica (which see). 
LEDGERIA. A synonym of Galeola (which see). 
See Peach—Fungi 
See Aculeate Hyme- 
See Eucalyptus resin- 
synonym 
