1900 SUPPLEMENT—RECENT INTRODUCTIONS, 
&c. 489 
LIBOCEDRUS. To the species described on p. 261, 
Vol. II., the following should be added : 
L. Bidwilli (Bidwill’s). Young leaves and branches similar to 
those of LZ. Doniana, but not so broad; old branches having 
fastigiate, four-angled twigs jin. in diameter. New Zealand. 
Conservatory species. 
L. decurrens aureo-variegata (golden-variegated). A 
variety with persistently golden-variegated leaves. 1896. 
LICUALA. Flowers usually small, scattered, her- 
maphrodite ; spadices interfoliolar, sheathed by tubular, 
coriaceous, persistent spathes. Fruit small. To the 
species described on p. 262, II., the following 
should be added: 
L. Jeanenceyi (Jeanencey’s).* 7. fan-shaped, cl ft to the base 
into seven or eight divisions, which are squared at the apex, 
but notched with bifid division. New Caledonia, 1898. A 
handsome Palm, clothed to the base with leaves. See Fig. 516, 
for which we are indebted to Messrs. W. H. and L. Collingridge. 
L. Kirsteniana (Kirsten’s).* This is described as ‘‘a pretty 
Palm, with deeply-cut leaves.” Madagascar, 1895 
L. Muellerii (Mueller’s). fr. crimson, in large, straggling 
panicles. J. closed all round so as to appear peltate, plicate, 
divided to more than half their length into truncate lobes 
obtusely toothed and jagged and 2in. to 3in. broad at_the end, 
the whole leaf forming a flat, stiff, shield-like disk 64ft. across. 
h. 30ft. Queensland. Syn. Livistona Ramsayi. 
L. spinosa (spiny). The correct name of L. horrida. 
L. triphylla (three-leaved). l., spadix lft. long, slender, with 
a few branches. few, flabelliform, three- to nine-parted; 
segments 8in. to 10in. long, broadly crenate ; petioles 2ft. long, 
less than fin. broad, sparingly armed with small spines. Stem 
only 3in. to 4in. high. Malaya. 
L. Veitchii (Veitch’s). 7. rather distant, tin. long; spadix 
14in. long, slender, with six or eight branches. 2. nearly 2ft. 
across, sub-orbicular, cuneate in the lower third, convex, 
bright green, regularly plicate in slightly curved lines, the 
margins shortly cut into bifid tips sin. to gin. long; petioles 
armed with stout prickles. Stem very short (at seven years 
old). Borneo, 1883. (B. M. 7053.) 
L. amplifrons is in cultivation at Kew. 
LIDBECKIA (commemorative of Eric Gnustavins 
Lidbeck, formerly Professor of Botany at Lund, Sweden). 
Syn. Lancisia (of Lamarck). Orb. Composite. A small 
genus (three species) of greenhouse under-shrubs or half- 
herbaceous plants, natives of South Africa and Sonth 
America. Flower-heads mediocre, long-pedunculate at 
the tips of the branches; rays white, in one series; disk 
yellow; receptacle flattish; involucre in two or three 
series. Leaves alternate, often rather broad, incised or 
pinnatifid. The two species introduced thrive in a compost 
of peat and loam, with the admixture of some charcoal 
and silver-sand. Propagation may be effected by cuttings, 
inserted in sandy peat, under a hand-glass. 
L. lobata (lobed). f.-heads smaller than in LZ. pectinata. 
May. /. petiolate, sub-palmately three- to five-lobed, dotted, 
villous; lobes mucronate; petioles 4in. to lin. long, about 
equalling the blade. h. lft. to 2ft. South Africa, 1800. Plant 
clothed with long, silky hairs. SyN. Cotula quinqueloba. 
L. pectinata (comb-like). _j.-heads like those of the Oxeye 
Daisy; peduncles lin. to 3in. long. May and June. J. sub- 
sessile, oblong, pinnatifid, lin. to 14in. long, glaucous beneath ; 
lobes three to five on each side, broadly linear, the lower 
smaller. Branches rod-like, leafy. h. 2ft. to bft. South 
Africa, 1774. Plant sparingly pubescent or glabrous. 
LIEVENA. A synonym of Quesnelia (which sce). 
LIFTING. A very important operation, especially 
with fruit-bearing trees which are growing rampantly 
and bearing little or no fruit, and also with trees that 
are in bad health through the roots having entered poor 
or injurious subsoils. With other trees and_ shrubs, 
Lifting is generally to transport trees from one position 
to another as more snitable for them. Whatever class of 
tree it is intended to lift, it is necessary to commence 
the operation by digging a trench sufficiently far away 
from the trunk as to not unduly injure the principal 
roots. After haying dug a deep trench all round the 
tree, the soil is gradually worked ont with a steel fork, 
brnising the roots as little as possible, and working out 
the soil from underneath the tree until it is seen that 
all roots are free, and the tree able to be lifted right 
out. Before replanting, all badly-brnised or jagged roots 
should be cut back, and the tree then planted with 
as little delay as possible, giving the roots a good 
soaking of water to settle the soil about them. The 
Lifting of Vines requires more care. The best plan is to 
dl. V. 
Vol. 
| 
Lifting—continued. 
begin at one end of the Vine border, 
remove all soil. As the roots become free of soil 
they ought to be drawn back ont of the way and 
wrapped in wet mats, which must not be allowed to 
become dry. When a new border is made, the roots can 
be spread out in the new compost and well watered when 
the operation is completed. The best time to lift 
trees and shrubs generally is the end of October, and 
for Vines just before the foliage falls, shading the Vines 
and syringing them daily once or twice to preserve the 
leaves. If they can be retained fresh, they will 
materially assist the Vines to make new roots in the 
fresh border. See also Transplanting. 
LIGHTFOOTIA. 
L. ciliata. 
LIGHTFOOTIA (of Schreber). A 
Rondeletia (which see). 
LIGNEOUS. Woody. 
LIGULARIA includes Prythrochete, the correct 
name of E. palmatifida being L. japonica. To the species 
described on p. 263, Vol. II., the following should be 
added : 
L. Hodgsoni (Hodgson’s). /l.-heads deep bright yellow, 24in. 
across; involucre turbinate. July. J7., radical ones long- 
petiolate, large, cordate or roundish, repandly lobed, serrate- 
and carefully 
L. tenella is the correct name of 
synonym of 
toothed; cauline ones gradually reduced to bracts. Stem 
his succulent, 3ft. or more in height. Japan, 1863. (B. M. 
LIGUSTRINA. Included under Syringa (which 
see), the correct name of L. amurensis being S. japonica. 
LIGUSTRUM. To the species, &c., described on 
pp. 263-4, Vol. II., the following should be added: 
L. brachystachyum (short-spiked). A synonym L. Quihoui. 
L. coriaceum (leathery). /. white, with a yellowish tinge, in 
globose, terminal and lateral clusters or heads on a panicle 
2in. to 4in. long. June. J. 2in. to 2sin. long, orbicular or 
orbicular-ovate, with a narrow, reddish-purple border; petioles 
short and stout. h. 3ft. to 6ft. Japan, 1860. A rigid, closely- 
branched, half-hardy, evergreen shrub. (B. M. 7519; FB. & P-. 
1876, t. 65; R. H. 1874, p. 418, f. 56.) Syn. L. lucidum 
coriaceum. 
L. japonicum Alivoni (Alivon’s).* J. ovate-lanceolate, acu- 
minate, entire, narrowed at base, wavy-margined, dark green, 
shining, irregularly variegated pale yellowish. 1886. A robust, 
garden variety. 
L. lucidum coriaceum is synonymous with L. coriacewm. 
L. 1. tricolor (three-coloured). 7. prettily marked with yellow, 
pink when young, but not so hardy as the type. 
L. 1. Triomphe de Bordeaux. /. rich glossy green. 
branching. Other forms are Alivoni and sinense. 
L. medium (intermediate). fl. white, small, disposed in ter- 
minal panicles. J. broadly lanceolate, acute. Japan, 1891. A 
hardy shrub or small tree. 
L. nepalense (Nepal). The correct name of L. spicatuim. 
L. ovalifolium instabile (unstable). /. alternate, opposite, 
or in whorls of three. 1878. 
L. Roxburghii (Roxburgh’s). A synonym of L. japonicum. 
L. sinense nanum (dwarf).* . small, odorous, in abundant 
bunches. J. closely set, ovate, undulated. 1875. A dwarf, 
much-branched, compact form. 
L. strongylophyllum (Strongylus-leaved). _/. white, in rather 
loose panicles. J. orbicular or obovate, 4in. to lin., almost 
glabrous. China. An evergreen shrub or small tree. 
L. Walkeri (Walker's). jl. disposed in a large, compound, 
minutely pubescent panicle; corolla tube hardly as long as 
the calyx. J. elliptic, acuminate, with slender, irregular 
Habit 
nerves. Ceylon, Neilgherries, &c. (up to 5000ft. elevation), 
1898. (G. C. 1898, ii., p. 282, f. 82.) 
LILIAGO. Included under Anthericum (which 
see). 
LILIASTRUM. A synonym of Paradisia (which 
see). 
LILIUM. Inelnding Martagon and Notholirion. 
Comparatively few new species of Liliwm have to be 
recorded since the issue of the work proper. _ Those, 
however, which have been introduced are most desirable 
additions to the lists of hardy herbaceous subjects. In 
L. Grayi the gardener has a remarkably fine species 
allied to the DL. canadense section, and like them, 
requiring for its successful culture a moist, peaty soil. 
No less desirable is DL. rubellum (Fig. 520), lovely as 
to colour and sweet as to flower. This latter is best 
3R 
