528 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Mealy Bug—continued. 
be worse than the disease. Its effect upon any plant 
should first be tested before anything like a wholesale 
application is attempted. Hot water, where it can be 
kept at the reqnired temperature (see Insecticides) will 
kill the perfect insects; but the egg-sacs do not appear 
to be affected. Soft-soap solution is also excellent, but 
here again it must be used of a strength in accordance 
with the plants or parts of plants under treatment. A 
strength, for instance, that could be applied with safety 
to the trunks might prove fatal to more susceptible 
parts of the same tree. For very tender plants under 
glass, loz. to the gallon of water will suffice ; in the case 
of hard-wooded subjects the quantity of soap may be 
doubled ; while in the case of tree-tranks, from 60z. to 
80z. would not do any damage. See also remedies under 
this heading in Vol. II., p. 340. 
MEASUREMENTS. In plant, insect, and other 
descriptions, it is often necessary for purposes of accuracy 
to employ Measurements other than inches, such as 
Line and Millimetre. In the former case twelve lines 
may be said to go to an inch; and, ronghly, twenty- 
five millimetres represent an inch. A more accurate 
method of arriving at the number of inches in a given 
number of millimetres is to multiply the millimetres 
by 10 and then divide by 254. 
MECONOPSIS. WM. diphylla and M. 
according to the ‘‘Index Kewensis,’’ identical with 
Stylophorum diphyllum (which see). Seeds of 
M. cambrica should be sown outdoors in April; while 
seeds of M. heterophylla may be sown ontside in either 
April or autumn. 
To the species described on p, 341, Vol. IT., the following 
should be added : 
M. cambrica flore-pleno (double-flowered). A globular, 
double-flowered variety. 1896. (G. C. 1896, p. 671, f. 111.) There 
is also a beautiful garden form of the Blue Himalayan Poppy 
(cambrica), known as Orange King. It is an excellent rock 
plant, and about lft. high. 
M. heterophylla (variable-leaved).* jl. coppery-orange, with 
dark crimson centre, 14in. across, with a Lily of the Valley-like 
scent. Summer. J. few and remote, pinnately divided ; segments 
of the lower ones ovate, incised, and petiolulate, those of the 
upper ones linear, entire, somewhat confluent. A, lft. 
California. A most beautiful annual, suited alike to indoor 
and to outdoor culture. In the latter case it attains a much 
greater height than that given above. It should prove a 
valuable plant for decorative purposes, as the flowers are 
produced well above the foliage, and last well. It seeds freely. 
(B. M. 7636.) 
M. quintuplinervia (five-nerved). jl. pale violet, solitary, 
nodding; petals shortly clawed, rhomboid-ovate, lsin. long; 
_ stamens in many series; scape erect, at length Qin. high. 
Zl. lanceolate, narrowed to the petioles, entire, five-nerved. 
North-west China, 1877. Plant hairy, Perennial. (R. G. 1892, 
t. 880 b-d.) 
MEDIAN APPLE. See Citrus medica. 
MEDICA. A synonym of Tourretia (which see). 
MEDICAGO. ‘To the species described on p. 341, 
Vol. II., the following should be added: 
M. Echinus (hedgehog-like). Calvary Clover. jl. yellow; 
peduncles five- or six-flowered, longer than the petioles. July. 
tr. cochleate-ovate, deeply reticulated, spiny; spines laterally 
appressed, very long and very acute. /., leaflets obovate or 
obeordate, obsoletely toothed. h. 6in. South of France, 1818. 
Annual. 
M. scutellata (saucer-shaped). jl. yellow; peduncles one- or 
two-flowered. fr. cochleate, many-seeded, convex-hemispherical 
above, flat beneath, thickly reticulate-veined. J2., leaflets 
obovate. Stem diffuse. South Europe. Annual. 
MEDICOSMA (from medica, and osme, smell; in 
allusion to the sceat of the flowers, which resembles that 
of Citrus medica). Ord. Rutacew. A monotypic genus, the 
species, M. Cunninghamii, being the plant described in 
Vol. I. as Acronychia Cunninghami (B. M. 3994). Leaves 
mostly opposite, consisting of a single leaflet obscurely 
articulate on a short petiole, oblong-elliptical or rarely 
oboyate-oblong, obtuse or acuminate, 3in. to 6in. long. 
MEDINILLA. To the species described on p. 342, 
Vol. II., the following variety should be added : 
M. magnifica rubra (red). A fine variety, having darker 
flowers than in the type. 1888. 
M. Teysmanni (leysmann’s). The 
M. anabilis. 
etiolata are, 
correct name of 
MEDLAR. Medlar-leaves are attacked by a species of 
fungus known popularly as Medlar Cluster Cups, and 
scientifically as Gymmnosporangium confusum. It is a 
close ally of Gymnosporangium sabine, whose secidium- 
stage grows upon Pear-leaves, and is sometimes called 
Roestellia cancellata. The Medlar Cluster Cups will not 
grow upon Pears, but they are commonly found upon 
Hawthorn. The wcidia, or cluster cups, which divide or 
shred, are situate upon orange-red thickened spots 
having bright red margins. The species and several of 
its allies are interesting to biologists and others, inas- 
much as they belong to what are called hetercecions 
fungi, two host-plants being necessary to complete the 
eycle. In the fungus under notice, certain species of 
Juniper are necessary to grow the telentospores, as 
they are in several closely allied species. Such spores, 
produced upon the Juniper in sping, consist of jelly-like 
masses and are readily seen. ‘To control this and similar 
fungi is difficult in the extreme, as the two host-plants 
may be situate in different gardens some distance apart. 
To spray with the ordinary fungicides will not avail in 
the least, and the cultivator must if possible find out 
where the Junipers are situated. If in a neighbouring 
garden he must get permission to cut ont the portions 
infected, and cover with tar, or else to uproot the trees. 
These fungi have a very debilitating effect upon the 
trees attacked. 
MEGACARYON (from megas, large, and karuon, a 
nut; in allusion to the large, ovoid, acuminate nutlets). 
Orv. Boraginex. A monotypic genus. ‘The species is a 
coarse, setose-hispid, biennial or perennial herb, closely . 
allied to Echiwm. It thrives in any fairly good soil, and 
may be increased by seeds. 
M. orientale (Oriental). jl. rosy-lilac, disposed in unilateral, 
forked, elongated spikes; corolla ljin. long, almost regular, 
tubular-funnel-shaped. J7., radical and lower ones lft. to 14ft. 
long, 2in. to 3in. broad, broadly oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 
canescent-velvety; upper ones shorter, bristly; floral ones 
narrow-linear-lanceolate. Stems thick, 3ft. or more in height, 
Pane branched. Orient, 1897. (G. C. 1897, ii., p. 226, 
. 67-8. 
MEGACHILE. See 
Vol. V. 
MEGACLINIUM. To the species described on 
pp. 342-3, Vol. II., the following should be added: 
M. Clarkei (Major Trevor Clarke's). jl. green, much speckled 
with purplish-brown, tin. apart; scape 64in. long. JZ. oblong, 
obtuse, 2sin. to 2jin. long. Pseudo-bulbs broadly oblong, 
acutely four-angled, lin. long, jin. broad, two-leaved. 
Western tropical Africa, before 1891. 
M. Imschootianum (M. A. van Imschoot’s). jl. yellowish- 
green, with brown spots; rachis 5in. to 6in. long; scape 
10in. long. JU. linear-oblong, obtuse, 6in. long. Pseudo- 
bulbs acutely triangular, oblong, ljin. long, one-leaved. 
Western tropical Africa, 1895. 
M. leucorhachis (white-rachised). jj. yellow, velvety; lip 
recurved; scape erect, 6in. to 7in. long; rachis white. 2. foe 
oblong, obtuse, 6in. to 7in. long. Pseudo-bulbs ovoid-oblong, 
acutely four-angled, 24in. long. Upper Guinea, 1891. 
M. minutum (minute). 7. dull maroon or orange-red, 
greenish-yellow towards the base of the segments, very 
small; rachis lin. long, about twelve-flowered; scapes sub- 
erect, l4in. long. August. JZ; linear-oblong, jin. to lin. long. 
Pseudo-bulbs ovoid-oblong, obscurely triangular, sin. to lin. 
long, two-leaved. Upper Guinea, 1883. (B. M. 7314.) 
M. Nummularia (Moneywort-like). This is closely allied to 
M. minutum, but has a shorter raceme, with six to eight minute, 
purplish flowers, leaves lin. long, and flattened pseudo-bulbs, 
Cameroons, 1894. 
M. oxyodon (sharp-toothed). jl. like those of M. falcatum, but 
having the petals longer and more arched; lip membranous, 
three-lobed. 7. two, lanceolate, acute, 2in. Jong, sin. broad. 
Pseudo-bulbs spherical, four-angled. Madagascar, 1888. Syn. 
Bulbophyllum oxyodon, 
M. pusillum (dwarf). 1. green and purple, a little darker than 
the rachis, which is lsin. long; seapes about 4in. long. 
7. linear-oblong, obtuse, 3in. long, 4in. broad. Pseudo-bulbs 
ovoid-oblong, four-angled, lin. to Ijin. long, two-leaved. 
Eastern tropical Africa, 1894. 
M. scaberulum (slightly scabrous). jl. dull purple, the base 
of the sepals whitish-green spotted with purple, roughish 
outside; inflorescence erect, din. to 4in. long. Zl. two, 
elliptic-oblong, 2in. or more in length. Pseudo-bulbs 
tetragonal. Pondoland, 1888. 
M. triste (sad). /. green, speckled with black, velvety; rachis 
thick and fleshy, din. to 4in. long; scape 14ft. long, with 
Aculeate Hymenoptera, 
