602 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Picridium—continued. 
distinct as such: they are hardy, glabrous, annual or 
perennial herbs, natives of South Europe, North Africa, 
and Western Asia, Flower-heads yellow, long-pedunculate, 
homogamonus ; involucre campanulate, the bracts in several 
series; florets ligulate, five-toothed at apex. Leaves 
radical or alternate, toothed or pinnatifid. P. tingitanwm, 
probably the only species in cultivation, is a perennial. 
It thrives in any fairly good garden soil, and may be 
increased by divisions. 
P. tingitanum (Tangier). /l.-heads on squamose peduncles ; 
outer involucral bracts squarrose. July. /. all runcinate- 
pinnatifid, semi-amplexicaul, denticulate. Stems branched. 
h. 14ft. Tangier, &c., 1882. 
Syn. Scorzonera orientalis. 
PICTETIA. P. squamata is now removed to 
Ormocarpum, under the name of QO. sennoides, with 
which O. coronilloides is synonymous. 
PIERARDIA. A synonym of Baccaurea (which 
see). 
PIERIS. To the species described on pp. 124-5, 
Vol. IIL, the following varieties should be added. 
P. mariana, P. nitida, and P. ovalifolia are poisonous to 
animals. 
P. densiflora (dense-flowered). A form of P. ovalifolia. 
P. japonica is a variety of P. ovalifolia 
P. j. elegantissima (most elegant).* This garden variety only 
differs from the typical japonica in having the leaves prettily 
margined with white. SYN. Andromeda japonica variegata. 
PIERIS NAPI. Sce Cabbage Caterpillars. 
PIGAFETTA. This genns is named in hononr of 
Ant. Pigafetta, an Italian, who accompanied Magellan 
in his voyage round the world (1519-22), and wrote an 
account of it. 
PIGEON’S GRASS. See Verbena officinalis. 
PILEA. To the specie# described on p. 125, Vol. IIT., 
the following should be added: 
P. Spruceana (Spruce'’s). jl. 
crowded, axillary racemes. 
Peru and Venezuela, 1895. A dwarf spec 
PILOCARPUS. P. Jaborandi (B. M. 7483) is the 
correct name of the plant described on p. 126, Vol. IIL., 
as P. pennatifolius (B. M. PL, t. 48; f. 6-11). 
PILOCEREUS. To the species described on p. 127, 
Vol. IIIL., the following should be added: 
P. Celsianus (Celsius’). Stem (in garden specimens) columnar, 
simple, pale gluucous-green, woolly towards the apex; ribs ten 
to seventeen, obtuse; radial prickles usually nine, rigid, 
subulate, straight or htly curved, pale yellow ; central ones 
two to four. Andes. Syns. 2. foveolatus, P. Williamsii. There 
are several forms of this species. 
P. Forsterii (Morster's). A sy nonym of P. Houlletianwm. 
P. foveolatus (small-pitted). A synonym of P. Celsianus. 
P. Hoppenstedti (Hoppenstedt’'s). Stems columnar, eight- to 
twenty-angled, the angles rounded, with deep, acute grooves 
between them; pulvini closely-set, white, tomentose; outer 
spines about twenty, unequal, the lower ones longest, greyish- 
white ; central ones six to eight, brownish, the lower ones 
2sin. long. Mexico, 1888. Stove. A curious species. 
P. senilis. Young plants of this spec such as the very 
tine specimen shown in Fig. 634, are more conspicuously white- 
hairy than old ones. 
P. Williamsii (Williams’). A synonym of P. Celsianus. 
The following have been introduced, but are very rare in 
cultivation: P. chrysomatlus, P. Columna-Trajani, P. Marschaill- 
eckianus, and P. tilophorus. 
greenish-white, 
disposed in 
2. dark bro1 
reen, ovate, rugose. 
Paani mae a A synonym of Melothria (which 
see). 
PIMPINELLA includes Tragiwm. 
PINCHING. The stopping, or Pinching, of the 
growing shoots of plants and fruit trees is a very important 
operation in determining the shape of a plant, as well as in 
the production of fruit on fruit-bearing trees, especially 
those grown under glass. Some plants would grow very 
tall and ugly unless the points of the shoots were 
removed while young, thus causing what would have other- 
wise been dormant buds to start into growth, and the 
plant to assume a munch dwarfer and bushier habit. Aecain 
it frequently oceurs that a shoot will commence making 
strong growth, and the remaining ones on the plant 
scarcely move ; but by timely Pinching of the gross shoot, 
Pinching—continued. 
the energy is in a great measure distributed oyer the 
weaker shoots, and the plant retains its form. 
With frnit trees under glass, careful Pinching is a 
necessity ; and to conserve energy, the Pinching should 
as fay as possible be done by the finger and thumb while 
the young wood is soft. For instance, the stopping 
of Vine laterals and the snb-laterals is always best 
done as soon as they are lar enongh for the 
finger and thumb to pinch. Fig-trees are more fruitful 
and the produce is finer if the points of the young 
shoots are pinched ont when fonr or five leaves are 
formed. Peaches, Nectarines, Plums, Cherries, Apples, 
and Pears grown in pots under glass mnst be judiciously 
‘pinched’? to make them bear good crops of fruit. 
The usual practice is to remove the points of the 
shoots when they have made seven or eight leaves. Wall 
and other trained trees, both under glass and outside, need 
careful attention in this respect to secure the finest results. 
Under glass this attention is usually given; but outside 
trees are permitted to make a great quantity of growth 
that is cut; away with the pruning-knife, and much of the 
energy of the tree is wasted. This wonld be avoided 
if a proper regulation of the growth by Pinching were 
adopted, as in the case of trees grown under glass. 
Fic, 634. 
PILOCEREUS SENILIS. 
PIN-EYED. Having the style more conspicnous 
than the stamens. Anricula-growers regard pin-eyed 
specimens as worthless—sneh, for instance, as have the 
stigmatic part protruding from the eye, with the anthers 
placed lower down. 
PIN PILLAR. 
PINANGA. To the species described on p, 130, 
Vol. IIL., the following should be added : 
P. decora (comely). 7. pinnate, green, tinged brown; pinne 
sessile, broadly lanceolate, long-acuminate, sometimes bifid 
and rounded at the apex; sheaths marked brown. Caudex 
tall. Borneo, 1886, Unarmed. (I. H. 1886, 114.) 
P. Dicksonii (Dickson's). f., spadix branches stout, densely 
clothed with imbricating flowers; spathe simple. /. pinnate, 
4ft. long, forked; leaflets numerous, sessile, 1ft. to 2ft. long, 
broadly linear, preemorse, the upper ones confluent. Trunk 
loft. to 18ft. high, 2in. thick. .Western Ghats. 
See Opuntia curassavica. 
