614 
Polypodium—continued. 
numerous close pinne, 4in. to 8in. long, which consist only of 
a firm midrib with a row of small, round lobes on both sides, 
each with a sorus that covers it. Philippines. Syns. Aglao- 
morpha Meyenianum, Drynariwm Meyenianum, D. philippense 
(of gardens). See Fig. 638. 
FG. 638. 
POLYPODIUM MEYENIANUM. 
P. multilineatum (many-lined). sti. firm, erect, naked, 2ft. 
or more in length. fronds pinnate, 3ft. to 4ft. long, 14ft. to 
2ft. broad; pinnz numerous, sometimes lft. long, acute, 
coriaceous, naked on both sides. sori in two rows. Sylhet, 
Kumaon, &c. A_ strong-growing species. SYN. Goniopteris 
multilineata, 
P. owariense (Owarian). A form of P. lycopodioides. 
P. Paradise is regarded by the Kew authorities as a variety 
of P. pectinatum. 
P. penangianum (Penang).* fronds almost stalkless, lft. to 
1sft. long, 2in. to 3in. broad, entire, gradually narrowed 
towards the base and sometimes wavy-edged, papery, hairy 
beneath. sori in rows close together, confined to the upper 
art, and falling short of the edge. Penang. A distinct and 
andsome species. SYN. Niphobolus penangianus. 
P. leet aati multifidum (much-cleft). This variety is 
distinguished from the type in having its fronds irregularly 
multifid. There is also a crested form known as ecristatum. 
P. Picoti (Picot’s).* fronds numerous, arching, wavy, elongate- 
oblong, entire, coriaceous, 3ft. long or more, 4in. to 6in. broad, 
green and very shiny above, glaucous-green beneath. Brazil, 
1886. A noble, greenhouse Fern, of vigorous habit. 
P. pictum (painted). rhiz. creeping, clothed with black scales. 
sti. smooth. fronds three-lobed, glabrous, tapering to the base ; 
lobes oblong, rounded at apex, the middle one about 5in. lon 
and lin. broad. Polynesia, 1881. A free-growing species, allied 
to P. Billardiert. SYN. Pleopeltis picta. 
P. Preslianum (Presl’s). A synonym of P. neriifolium. 
P. pulvinatum (cushion-like). A variety of P. awrewin. 
P. refractum (broken). fronds erect, pinnate, lft. long, 6in. 
broad; pinnz lanceolate, auricled at base, sinuate, stiff, 
glossy, the lower ones conspicuously deflexed. sori abundant, 
black, scattered. Brazil, 1847. Syn. Gonioptcris refracta. 
P. rivale (brook-loving).* rhiz. stout, creeping, clothed with 
bright rusty-brown scales. fronds, barren ones din. to 6in. long, 
2in. broad, cut down three-quarters of the way to the rachis 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Polypodium—continued. 
into blunt lobes; fertile ones 14ft. to 2ft. long, 6in. to 8in. 
broad, distinctly stalked, with blunt, entire lobes 2in. long and 
4in. broad, reaching nearly or quite to the rachis; texture 
papery. sori in a single row on each side of, and close to, the 
midrib. North-east Himalayas. A distinct species. SYN. 
Drynaria mollis. 
P. Robertianum. Limestone, Smith’s, or Rigid Three-branched 
Polypody. A form of P. Dryopteris. 
P. rostratum (beaked). rhiz. filiform, wide-creeping, scaly. 
sti. tirm, naked, lin. to 2in. long. fronds entire, 2in. to 4in. 
long, Jin. to lin. broad, gradually narrowed to both ends, 
coriaceous. sori large, in single rows near the midrib. Hima- 
layas, SYN. Phymatodes rostrata. 
P. Schneiderii (Schneider’s).* rhiz. thick, fleshy, clothed with 
silvery scales. sti. stiff, wiry, 6in. to Yin. long. fronds broadly 
triangular, about Yin. each way; pinne closely set, almost 
overlapping; pinnules cut into deeply-cleft, undulated lobes. 
A very handsome garden hybrid between P. aurewn and 
P. vulgare elegantissimum. SYN. Phlebodium Schneiderii. 
P. simplex (simple). A variety of P. lineare. 
P. sphzrocephalum (sphere-headed). A synonym of P. angus- 
tatum, 
P. superficiale (superficial). _rhiz. woody, wide-creeping, 
clothed with brown, shining scales. sti. 4in. to 6in. long, firm, 
naked, often curved. fronds 6in. to 12in. long, lin, to 2in. 
broad, gradually narrowed to both ends, the edge entire. sori 
copious, scattered irregularly. Northern India (up to 6000ft.). 
Greenhouse. Syns. P. hymenodes, Phymatodes superficialis. 
P. tzeniosum (ribbon-like). A synonym of P. angustifolium. 
P. tricuspe (three-pointed). shiz. stout, woody. sti. firm, 
erect, 6in. to 8in. long. fronds hastate, 2in. to 4in. each way, 
coriaceous, dark green above, densely matted beneath; central 
lobe broadly lanceolate, the lateral ones spreading, much 
smaller, auricled at base. sori minute, abundant, in rows of 
three or four between the main veins, and of nine to twelve 
between the midrib and the edge. Japan and Korea. Green- 
house. SYN. Niphobolus tricuspis. 
P. urophyllum (tail-leaved). rhiz. creeping. sti. 2ft. or more 
in length, stout, erect. fronds 2ft. to 4ft. or more in length, 
lft. to 14ft. broad, with a terminal pinna and usually several 
on each side, which are sometimes lft. long and more than 2in. 
broad, entire or slightly lobed. sori in two close rows, or some- 
times in one row only. India, Australia, &e. SYN. Goniopteris 
urophylla, 
P. varius (various). A variety of P. adnascens, having short, 
thick, fleshy fronds rising from a creeping rhizome. 
P. Veitchii (Veitch’s). rhiz. slender, creeping, clothed with 
pale brown scales. sti. very slender, less than lin. long. 
Jronds deltoid, thin, smooth, pale green; segments oblong, 
fin. to 4in. broad, obtuse, minutely notched, the lowest side 
ones reaching nearly to the rachis. , sori globose, com- 
paratively large, in a single row nearer the midrib than the 
edge. Japan, 1880. Greenhouse. 
P. vulgare. Of this species some of the best varieties other 
than those enumerated in Vol. III. are: cambricwm, crenatwm, 
Fowleri, grandiceps, and Prestonii. 
P. Xiphias (swordfish). rhiz. stoutish, creeping, with brownish 
scales. fronds glabrous, more than 1ft, long, elliptic-oblong or 
somewhat obovate, caudate-cuspidate, narrowed below to the 
point of attachment; veins pinnate, reticulated. sori round, 
medium-sized, dotted over nearly the whole back of the frond. 
South Pacific Islands. The specific name refers to the shape 
of the fronds. Syn, Pleopeltis Xiphias. 
P. zosterzeforme (ribbon-shaped). rhiz. wide-creeping, slender, 
fragile, scaleless, sti, short and very slender. fronds ribbon- 
like, 4in. to 6in. long, very narrow, with entire edges, gradually 
narrowed to the base, soft and papery, dark green. sort in 
irregular rows between the midvein and the margin. 
Tenasserim. SYN. Phymatodes zostereeformis. 
POLYPORUS. The most destructive species belong- 
ing to this genus have already been dealt with in 
Vol. IIT., pp. 195 and 196. Little by way of prevention 
can be added to the information there given. The greatest 
care must, however, be exercised in collecting and burning 
the fungi as soon as they are noticed, and before they 
have a chance of ripening their spores. Abies, Pinus, 
Oaks, Alders, Willows, Birch, and many Orchard and 
Bush Trees (Gooseberries) are attacked by different 
species of Polyporus, and all are undesirable. They 
are usually wound-parasites, and therefore care should 
be exercised to dress any wounds made in trees with 
Stockholm tar, having first treated them with a solution 
of mercurie bichloride—a very corrosive preparation, and 
a most dangerous poison. 
POLYPTERIS (from polys, many, and pteris, meant 
for pteron, a wing; in allusion to the pappus). ORD. 
Composite. A small genus (four species) of hardy or 
nearly hardy, scabrous-pubescent, North American herbs, 
