1900 SUPPLEMENT—RECENT INTRODUCTIONS, &C: 629 
QUADRIALA. A synonym of Buckleya (which 
see). 
QUENOUILLE. A form of frnit tree usually trained 
against a wall, and having a central stem, with the 
branches trained from it on each side in horizontal tiers, 
the lowest being the longest. The tree thus forms a 
perfect pyramid form. Fortunately this shape is seldom 
seen now; it has little to recommend it, as there is 
a great loss of wall space between the upper parts of the 
trees, while the natural tendency of such trees is to 
make strong growth at the top, which must frequently 
be checked by root-pruning. 
QUERCUS. To the species and varieties described 
on pp. 263-6, Vol. III., the following should be added. 
Most of the common names are those used in North 
America. 
Q. acroglandis (sharp-glanded). A synonym of Q. agrifolia. 
Q. acuminata (taper-pointed). A variety of Q. Prinus. 
Q. alnifolia (Alnus-leaved), Golden Oak. l. rare. f7., cup 
hemispherical, velvety-scaly, in. long; nut jin. to lin. long, 
obovoid-oblong. J. oval or roundish, lin. to 14in. long, entire 
or shortly toothed to the middle, shining above, densely golden- 
tomentose beneath. Cyprus, 1880. An evergreen, arborescent 
Sas, hardy only in very favoured localities. (Gn. 1880, xviii., 
p. 486.) 
Q. americana aurea (golden). A synonym of Q. rubra aurea. 
Q. a. splendens (American, splendid).* 7. beautifully tinted 
with bronze and red. A graceful, garden variety. 
Q. angustifolia (marrow-leaved). A garden synonym of 
Q. acuta. 
Q. apennina (Apennine). fl. borne on a pedunéle 24in. to 4in. 
long. /. ovate, obtusely lobed, shortly petiolate, pubescent and 
rather cottony beneath, not falling till the end of the winter. 
Italy and Central France. Some authorities consider this to 
be a variety of Q. Toza, but the ‘Index Kewensis” refers it 
to Q@. Robur. There is a golden-leaved form, aurea. 1885. 
Q. apennina (of gardens). A synonym of Q. Cerris. 
Q. aquatica. The Kew Hand-list places this as a synonym of 
Q. nigra: according to the ‘‘ Index Kewensis,” it is a distinct 
species. : 
Q, a. nana (dwarf). A garden synonym of Q. heterophylla. 
Q. arcoglandis. A misprint for Q. acroglandis. 
Q. austriaca sempervirens is synonymous with Q. Turneri. 
Q. Ballota* is classed by some botanists as a variety of Q. Ilex; 
but it is distinct enough for specitic rank. 
Q. bambuszfolia. According to the Kew Hand-list, this is 
a form of Q. acuta. The ‘‘ Index Kewensis” accords it specitic 
rank. 
Q. Brantii (Brant’s). fr. solitary; cup lfin. long, prevish: 
velvety, hemispherical ; nut slightly exceeding the cup. J. ovate 
oer oblong from an often cordate base, more or less crenate- 
toothed, pubescent beneath, Jin. to 4in. long, l4in. to 2in. 
broad; young ones dentate-serrated; petioles four, to seven 
lines long. Kurdistan, 
Q. californica (Californian), A synonym of Q. Kelloggii. 
Q. castanezfolia (Sweet Chestnut-leaved).* jl. solitary or 
ternate on short peduncles. jr. solitary or twin; cup hemi- 
spherical, silky-scaly, Zin. broad; nut glabrescent, ljin. long. 
«1. petiolate, din. to 6in. long, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 
rounded or cordate at base, sparsely pilose above, pale or 
whitish-green and more pilose beneath, deeply and irregularly 
toothed. Branchlets and petioles minutely velvety. A. 60ft. 
Asia Minor, &c., 1846. A handsome, deciduous species. 
Q. Cerris. Other varieties are argentea variegata, cana major, 
c. minor, laciniata, and longifolia nova. 
Q. chrysolepis (golden-scaled). Californian Live Oak; Maul 
Oak. jl., catkins 2in. to Jin. long, slender. May and June. 
Jr. usually solitary, sessile or short-stalked ; cup hemispheric 
or turbinate; nut light chestnut-brown, oval or ovate, sin. to 
2in. long. /. oblong-ovate to elliptical, lin. to 4in. long, 4in. to 
2in. broad, cordate, rounded, or cuneate at base, acute or 
cuspidate at apex, entire on old trees, often toothed or 
sinuate-toothed on young ones, glabrous above, fulvous- 
tomentose and ultimately Dluish-white beneath ; petioles rarely 
Berens: h. 40ft. to S0ft. California, &c. Evergreen. Rather 
tender. 
Q@. coccinea. Of the several garden varieties may be 
mentioned: macrophylla (large-leaved) and pendula (drooping). 
Q. tinctoria (which has been classed hereunder as a variety) is 
synonymous with Q. velutina. 
Q. crispula (slightly crisped). 72 almost sessile, elliptic- or 
obovate-oblong, obtuse or sub-cordate at base, acutely, 
deeply, and unequally serrate-lobed, 2in. to Tin. long, in. 
to 3sin, broad, slightly pilose when young; lobes ovate, 
acute, slightly toothed. Japan. Evergreen. There is a 
variety groxseserrata (deeply serrated). 
Quercus—continued. 
Q. cuneata (wedge-shaped). According to the Kew Hand-list, 
this is the correct name of Q. falcata; the ‘‘ Index Kewensis” 
keeps up the latter name. 
Q. cyclophylla (round-leaved). A synonym of Q. Baillota. 
Q. Daimyo (native name). A synonym of Q. dentata. 
Q. dentata (toothed).* ”. in dense catkins l4in. or more in 
length. J. sub-sessile, 3in. to 10in. or more in length, 2in. to 
6in. broad, obovate or oboyate-oblong, obtuse at both ends, 
lobed or crenate in a great variety of ways, stellate-pilose 
when young, glabrous above when old; petioles tin. long; 
stipules jin. long. Japan. A very fine, deciduous species, of 
free growth. Syn. Q. Daimyo. 
Q. d. pinnatifida (pinnatifid). 7. pinnatisect, attaining about 
lft, in length. 1888. 
Q. discolor (two-coloured). A synonym of Q. velutina. 
Q. Douglasii (Douglas’s). Blue Oak; Mountain White Oak. 
ji., catkins hairy; females in short, hairy spikes, February 
to April. fr. sessile or short-stalked, solitary or twin, very 
abundant; cup thin and shallow, green; nut broadly ovate, 
acute, jin. to lin. long. J. oblong, lobed, spinescent, or entire, 
bluish-green and pubescent, 2in. to Sin. long, very variable in 
shape; petioles stout, jin. to sin. long. h. 5Oft. to 9O0ft. 
California, Deciduous. 
Q. echinacea (prickly), A synonym of Q. densiflora. 
Q. Farnetto is the name adopted by the “Index Kewensis” 
for Q. conferta, but the Kew Hand-list keeps up the latter 
name. ‘ 
Q. fastigiata (pyramidal). A variety of Q. pedunculata. 
Q. ferruginea is, according to the Kew Hand-list, a synonym 
of Q. marilandica. 
Q. Fontanesii (Fontanes’). A synonym of Q. Pseudo-suber. 
Q. Gambellii (Gambell’s). White or Shin Oak. f., catkins 
slender, hairy; females bright red. May and June, jy. sessile 
or stalked; cup enclosing one-third of the nut, which is 
usually ovate, rusty-pubescent, din. to lin. long. 7. broadly 
obovate to oblong-lanceolate, din, to Sin. long, yellowish and 
pubescent below, variously lobed or pinnatifid, turning scarlet 
or orange in the autumn, the lobes entire, emarginate, or 
lobed; petioles persistent. kh. 3Sft. to 20ft. (according to 
locality). Colorado, &e. 
Q. Garryana (Garry’s). White Oak. jl., catkins hairy. 
fr. sessile or shortly stalked; cup cup-shaped or turbinate; 
nut ovate or slightly obovate, lin. to lin. long, sweet. 
1. obovate or oblong, cuneate or rounded at base, coarsely 
pinnatifid-lobed, thick and firm, 4in. to 6in. long; lobes seven 
to nine, the terminal one sometimes three-lobed; petioles 
stout, pubescent, 4in. to nearly lin. long. hk. SOft. to 100ft. (in 
exposed places reduced to a shrub). North-west America. 
Q@. georgiana (Georgian). fr. abundant, shortly pedunculate ; 
cup smooth and shining, saucer-shaped, enclosing one-third of 
the ovate-globose nut, which is 4in. long. J. din. to 4in. long, 
smooth, somewhat obovate, cuneate at base, with deep or 
shallow open sinuses, and three to five triangular-lanceolate, 
entire, acute or obtuse lobes, turning scarlet in autumn. A, 6ft. 
to 8ft. Georgia, 1888. A low, spreading bush. 
Q. glandulifera (of Masters). A synonym of Q. Turneri. 
Q. heterophylla (variable-leaved). Bartram’s Oak.  /1., 
catkins hairy, 2in. to 3in. long. May. /r. sessile or short- 
stalked, sparingly produced; cup light reddish-brown, 
enclosing half the nut, which is 4in. long, light yellow or 
reddish-brown. i. lanceolate or oblong-obovate, entire, 
sinuately spinulose-toothed, coarsely serrated, or with entire, 
bristle- pointed lobes. kh. 30ft. to 40ft. United States. 
Deciduous. SYNS. Q. aquatica nana (of gardens), Q. Phellos- 
velutina. 
Q. hispanica (Spanish). A synonym of Q. Pseudo-suber, 
Q. hungarica (Hungarian). A synonym of Q. conferta. 
Q. Ilex. Other varieties are diversifolia (variable-leaved), 
Genabii, macrophylla (large-leaved), rotundifolia (round-leaved), 
Smilax, and undulata (wavy-leaved). 
Q. I. Ballota. See Q. Ballota. 
Q. imbricaria-palustris (hybrid). A hybrid between the 
species indicated in the name is grown in the Kew Arboretum. 
Q. Kelloggii (Kellogg's). #., catkins hairy, 4in. to 5in. long. 
April and May. fr. stoutly pedunculate, solitary or clustered ; 
cup light brown, cup-shaped ; nut oblong to obovate, lin. to 14in. 
long. 2. oblong or obovate, Sin. to 6in. long, glabrous or 
pubescent below, pinnatifid-lobed, the lohes tapering and 
acute or broad and obovate, repand-toothed or entire, turning 
yellow or brown in autumn; petioles slender, lin. to 2in. 
long. A. (in favourable situations) 100ft. Oregon and California. 
SNS. Q. californica, Q. nigra Barroni. 
Q. kermesina (crimson). A garden synonym of Q. coccifera. 
Q@. lanceolata (lanceolate). fr. often twin, sub-sessile or 
shortly pedunculate; cup 4in. long, reflexed-scaly; nut half- 
exserted. J. elliptic-lanceolate, acute or obtuse at base, 
bristly-acuminate to obtuse at apex, entire or toothed, 
