— 
1900 SUPPLEMENT—RECENT INTRODUCTIONS, 
Quercus—continued. 
Q. tinctoria. The correct name is Q. velutina. 
Q. Toumeyi (J. W. Toumey’s). Jr. sessile, solitary or twin; cup 
shallow; nut oval or acute, 4in. to Zin. long. J. thin but firm, 
light bluish-green, 4in. to jin. long, ovate or ovate-oblong, 
entire or remotely spinose-toothed, puberulous beneath, pro- 
bably falling with the new growth in spring; petioles stout, 
vein. long. h. 25ft. to 30ft. Arizona, 1894. (G. & F. 1895, 
Viii., p. 92, f. 13, 14.) 
Q. Turneri (Turmer’s). jl. bore on_ short peduncles. 
fr. clustered, ripening the first year; cup hemispherical, 
densely covered with small, obtuse, ciliolate scales; nut 
ellipsoid, acute, rather more than twice the length of the cup. 
1. oblong, obtuse, distantly toothed. A pyramidal, evergreen 
tree, of garden origin—perhaps a hybrid between Q. Ilex and 
Q. pedunculata or Q. Cerris. SYNS. Q. austriaca sempervirens, 
Q. glandulifera, of Masters (G. C. 1880, xiv., pp. 714-5, f. 134), 
Q. sclerophylla. 
Q. undulata (wavy). Scrub or Shin Oak. #., catkins tomen- 
tose, lin. to 2in. long. jr. solitary or twin, on stout stalks; 
cup hoary-tomentose; nut oval, jin. to lin. long. J. lin. to 
3in. long, oblong, sinuate-toothed, entire, pinnatifid, lobed, or 
spiny, bluish-green, pubescent; petioles stout, din. to nearly 
lin. long. a 2it. to 25ft. Western North America. 
Deciduous. 
Q. velutina (velvety). 
Syn. Q. discolor. 
Q. Wislizeni (Wislizen’s). #., catkins hairy, 3in. to 4in. long. 
Early spring. jr. sessile, short-stalked, or occasionally spicate ; 
cup shallow or tubular and lin. deep; nut slender, Zin_ to 
l}in. long, light chestnut-brown, often striate. 7. sin. to Sin. 
long, usually oblong-lanceolate, entire, serrated or sinuate- 
toothed, dark green and lustrous, falling the second year; 
petioles Jin. to lin. long. h. 70ft. to 80ft. California. 
The following are also grown in botanical establishments : 
Q. Dalechampii, Q. infectoria, Q. macrantha, Q. mongolica, 
and Q. variabilis. 
QUESNELIA. Syy. Lievena. According to J. G. 
Baker, about a dozen species, natives of Brazil and 
Guiana, are now referred to this genus, which differs 
from Billbergia in its usually spicate inflorescence, 
shorter and less spreading petals, and alternate stamens 
‘attached to the top of the claw of the petals. ‘To the 
species described on p. 266, Vol. III., the following should 
be added : 
Q@. cayennensis (Cayenne). The correct name of Billbergia 
Quesneliana (F. d. S. 1028; R. G. 1875, tt. 834, 836). Syn. 
Q. rufa of E. Morren (B. H. 1882, p. 115, tt. 4-6). 
Q. columbiana (Columbian). ., petals violet, twice as long 
as the calyx; spike few-flowered, lax, simple, erect, 2in. to 
3in. long; peduncle hidden by the connivent bases of the 
leaves. March. J. about a dozen in a rosette, lorate, arcuate, 
lift. to 2ft. long, lsin. to 2in. broad, brown at back, the 
marginal prickles close and minute. Columbia, 1882. Syn. 
Ronnbergia columbiana. 
Q. Enderi (Ender's). 7., petals violet, twice as long as the 
sepals ; = ip dense, oblong, few-flowered; bracts tinged with 
red, the lower ones lft. long; peduncle slender, above lft. 
long. J. eight to ten in a rosette, lorate, 2ft. long, 2in. broad, 
rounded to a cusp at apex, the prickles hooked. South 
Brazil. (R. G. 1888, p. 195, tt. 41-3.) SyNs. Billbergia Enderi 
(R. G. 1217), Q. lateralis. 
Q. lateralis (lateral). A synonym of Q. Enderi. 
Q. princeps (chief), of gardens. A synonym of Q. rufa. 
Q. roseo-marginata (rosy-margined). A synonym of Q. rufa. 
Q. rufa (red). The correct name of Billbergia roseo-marginata. 
Syns. Lievena princeps (R. G. 1024), Q. princeps (of gardens), 
Q. roseo-marginata (B. H. 1881, p. 82, t. 4; R. H. 1880, p. 70), 
Q. Skinneri (of gardens). @Q. rufa of E. Morren is synonymous 
with Q. cayennensis. 
Q. Skinneri (Skinner’s). A garden synonym of Q. rufa. 
Q. strobilispica (cone-spiked). #1. in a dense, ovate-oblong 
spike; sepals white-woolly, elliptic-oblong; petals at first 
violet-rose, at length reddish-brown, oblong, erect, cucullate- 
obtuse towards the apex; bracts elliptic-oblong, imbricated ; 
scape red, white-woolly, one-third shorter than the leaves. 
1. coriaceous, channelled, ligulate, acuminate, 2sft. to 3ft. long, 
24in. broad, dark green and glabrous above, dark green with 
silvery-lepidote horizontal zones beneath, the margins shortly 
ce nama Brazil, 1885. Syn. Billbergia Glaziovit (R. G. 
Q. Van Houtteana.* The correct name of the very beautiful 
Q. Van Houttei. 
Q. Wittmackiana (Wittmack’s). #., calyx red; petals blue; 
raceme dense, few-flowered ; bracts very small ; peduncle much 
shorter than the leaves. /. ensiform, rigid, nearly erect, 34ft. 
to 4ft. long, lsin. broad, fasciated with white on the back, the 
marginal teeth minute. Probably South Brazil, 1888. (R. G. 
1888, t. 1281, f. 2.) 
The correct name of Q. tinctoria. 
eC. 63 
QUICK. A popular name for Crategus 
when employed for making a living hedge. 
QUILLWORT. See Isoetes. 
QUIN-. A Latin prefix meaning five. 
QUINA, QUINO, cor QUINQUINA. 
chona. 
QUINCUNX. The planting of vegetables or frnit 
trees in rows with the plant or tree midway between the 
two plants in the next row, or, as gardeners term it, 
“planting alternately,” is the old name employed to 
distinguish this system of arranging the plants or trees. 
QUININE. See also Remijia pedunculata. 
QUIVISIA. Q. chilosantha is the correct name of 
Turrea rigida. 
Oxyacantha 
See Cin- 
RABBIT BERRY. See Shepherdia argentea. 
RACEMULOSE. In small racemes; 
small Raceme. G 
RADISH. The following additions to the list of 
varieties in Vol. III. are worth recording : 
DEEP SCARLET OLIVE-SHAPED EXTRA EARLY (Vilmorin), one of 
the earliest and best varieties in cultivation, coming into 
use very quickly, and of mild flavour; a very short top, and 
excellent for forcing. THE SUTTON, roots long; flesh 
very white, tender, and good, and withstands drought well. 
WHITE OLIVE-SHAPED EXTRA EARLY (Vilmorin), a splendid 
variety, of mild and excellent flavour, and, like the Scarlet 
Olive-shaped, is one of the earliest; excellent for forcing or 
sowing outside. 
RAFNIA includes Vascoa. 
RAG. A gardener’s word for the core and membranes 
in the Orange and allied fruits. 
RAGS. Within recent years waste material from 
cloth and Rags has been utilised to make a very 
useful manure known as ‘‘Shoddy.”* The waste from 
cloth factories, tailors’, and other places is ent up or 
shredded into small pieces and sold at a cheap rate to 
hop growers, fruit and vegetable farmers, and is applied 
by them in various quantities per acre—abont 5Sewt. 
is the usual quantity per acre—and the effect on some 
land is very marked by the healthy growth of the crops, 
especially where the ‘*Shoddy” has been put on heavy 
land. Hops particularly seem to appreciate this manure. 
RAGWORT, SEA. See Cineraria maritima. 
RAILINGS. Iron fencing or Railing has practically 
ousted the old post and rail oak fence. Yet, when well 
put up, and the posts charred or tarred at the base 
before they are bedded in the soil, the latter has much 
to recommend it. It is strong, durable, rustic-looking, 
and excellently adapted for keeping cattle out of planta- 
tions, or to protect young fences of Quick, Holly, &c., 
until they are able to take care of themselves. For 
dividing parks and similar open expanses, iron Railings 
are preferable, as they are practically invisible in the 
distance, and thus do not obstruct the view, as would 
be the case with wooden Railings. 
RAJANIA. 
see). 
RAMIFORM. Branch-like. 
RAMONDIA ineludes Jankza. R. serbica Nathalix® 
is a yariety having deeper and brighter coloured flowers 
than the type. 
RAMOON-TREE. See Trophis. 
RAMTILLA. A synonym of Guizotia (which see). 
RANDIA. Canthium chinense and C. coronatum are 
synonymons with R. dumetorum. 
RANTRY or ROWAN-TREE. See Pyrus Aucu- 
paria. 
RANUNCULUS. Asa florist’s flower the Ranunculus 
has gone out of favonr. Occasionally, however, one finds 
a bed of these, and the effect is very fine (Fig. 643). The 
dwarf species are oftener seen, as they make capital 
subjects for the rockery. 
resembling a 
A synonym of Brunnichia (which 
