632 
Ranunculus—continued. 
To the species described on pp. 273-5, Vol. III., the 
following should be added. R. aconitifolius, R. amplexi- 
caulis, R. anemonoides, R. asiaticus, R. cortusefolius, 
R. gramineus, and R. parnassifolius are perennials. 
A beautiful 
R. aconitifolius grandifiorus (large-flowered). 
variety with very large flowers. 
R. affinis validus (related, 
R. cardiophyllus. 
R. anemonoides. 
Solium. 
R. Buchanani (Buchanan's). . pure white, 2in. or more in 
diameter; scape 6in, to 12in. high, one-flowered. 7. two or 
three times trifidly divided. New Zealand (up to 7000ft.), 1890. 
R. bulbosus flore-pleno (double-flowered).* Cuckoo Bud. 
A very fine double-flowered variety. 
R. bullatus (blistered). 7. orange-yellow, large, scented; scape 
naked, one-flowered. May. J. all radical, petiolate, ovate, 
toothed. Root tuberous. A. lft. South Europe, 1640. Not 
very hardy, but a good border species. 
R. cardiophyllus. ‘he correct name is R. afinis validus. 
R. carpaticus (Carpathian).* jl. golden-yellow, 2in. in dia- 
meter. May. J. nearly orbicular in outline, palmate, crenate. 
Stem lft. high. Rootstock creeping. Eastern Hungary, 1892. 
A distinct and showy perennial. (B. M. 7266.) 
R. crenatus (crenate). /. white, large; calyx glabrous ; petals 
tive, obovate, almost entire, crenate at apex ape one-flowered, 
3in. to 4in. high. June and July. 72. roundish-cordate, crenate 
at apex. Hungary, 1818. 
true). The correct name of 
This is a form of Callianthemum rute- 
Fic. 643. A BED OF RANUNCULUS. 
R. Ficaria flore-pleno. 
Lesser Celandine, 
R. fumarizfolius is a form of R. millefoliatus. 
R. hybridus (hybrid). #1. yellow; scape one- to three-flowered. 
May. J. highly glabrous; radical ones long-petiolate, reniform, 
crenate-lobed ; cauline ones two, shortly petiolate, lobed at 
A beautiful double variety of the 
apex. Root tuberous. h. Sin. Austrian Alps, 1820. 
R. illyricus (Illyrian). #. yellow; calyx slightly reflexed. 
May. J. silky-woolly ; the first ones entire, linear-lanceolate ; 
the rest tripartite, with entire or tripartite linear lobes. 
erect, many-flowered. Root tuberous. /. 15ft. 
1596. (J. F. A., t. 222.) 
R. isopyroides,. 
Solium. 
Stems 
South Europe, 
The correct name is Callianthemum rute- 
R.nyssanus.* 7. of a shining citron-yellow, large and numerous. 
May. A showy plant. 
R. polyanthemos (many-flowered). (7. yellow: calyx hairy; 
eduncles suleate. J. palmately three- to five-parted, with th 
obes somewhat linear. Stems erect, many-flowered, and, as 
well as the spreading petioles, pilose. Root fibrous. Central 
Europe. 
R. pyrenzus (Pyrenean).* jl. white ; scape or peduncle tomen- 
tose at apex, one- or several-flowered, June to August. J. linear 
or lanceolate, entire. A. lft. Alps and Pyrenees, 1807. A 
beautiful subject when freely planted. 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Ranunculus—continued. 
R. Seguieri (Seguier’s).* #. white, jin. in diameter; petals 
five, entire, orbicular, longer than the calyx. June and July. 
i. three-parted, with acute or bluntish, entire, tritid partitions ; 
floral ones small, sessile, entire or trifid. Stem one- to three- 
flowered. h. 3in. Alps, 1819. (R. G. 1192, f. 1 (1194, f. 1, in 
text)). 
R. Sonnieri (Sonnier’s). f. bright yellow, large. J. 
deeply cut. Caucasus, 1897. 
R. speciosus (showy). A good form of R. bulbosus. 
R. Thora (Thora). jl. yellow, two or three on a glabrous 
scape. May. J. highly glabrous; radical ones petiolate; 
cauline ones sessile, reniform, crenate. Root tuberous. A. Sin. 
Jurassic Alps, 1710. 
cs Traunfellneri (Traunfellner’s).* A pretty form of R. alpes- 
ris. 
RAPE (Edible-rooted). This vegetable is seldom 
grown, probably owing to the small size of the root, 
which is long, white, Carrot-shaped, and about the 
thickness of the thumb. Seed should be sown in January 
on vather poor ground, not recently manured, otherwise 
the roots will be forked. From this sowing, roots will 
be ready for use in May. For later supplies seed may 
be sown in a cooler position, where the plants would get 
shade during the hottest part of the day, as they enjoy 
comparative coolness and moisture. As the seedlings 
adyance they ought to be thinned to about 10in. apart. 
To prepare the roots for use, the skin is scraped off, 
and they are boiled like Turnips. 
RAPHANUS. To the 
species described on p. 276, 
Vol. III., the following should 
be added : 
R. caudatus is a form of 
R. sativus. 
R. isatoides (Isatis-like). _//. 
yellow, in racemes terminating 
the side branches. 1., radical 
ones lyrate-pinnatisect ; cauline 
ones ovate-lanceolate, amplexi- 
eaul, thick, glaucous, 1886. A 
garden variety of Radish, with 
the general aspect of Isatis 
tinctoria. (R. H. 1886, p. 372, 
f. 101.) 
RAPHIA. R. peduncu- 
lata is the correct name of 
R. Ruffia; and, according 
to the ‘‘Index Kewensis,”’ 
R. tedigera is identical with 
R. vinifera. R. Hookeri is 
in cultivation at Kew. 
RAPHIDOPHORA (of 
Hassk.). A synonym of 
Epipremnum (which see). 
RAPHIDOPHYLLUM. 
A synonym of Sopubia 
(which see). 
large, 
RAPHIOLEPIS is the correct spelling of 
Rhaphiolepis. 
BABE ATE: A synonym of Polypogon (which 
see). 
RASPBERRY. The most serions diseases of fungoid 
origin affecting Raspberries are the Rust described in 
Vol. IIl.— Phragmidium Rubi-Idei—and Raspberry 
Anthracnose (Glwosporiwm venetum), a very formidable pest 
in America. The latter, as the popular name suggests, is 
chiefly characterised by a spotting, alike of the foliage and 
the canes. The spots are minute and reddish when they 
are first noticed on the canes in summer, but later they 
increase in size and coalesce. They then have white 
centres, with dark purple margins. The spores are 
distributed, and the disease, unless controlled, assumes 
alarming proportions. The mycelium is perennial, and 
the second season usually proves fatal to the canes. At 
least, this is the opinion of Miss Detmers and others 
who have made the disease a special study. 
For this, as well as for the Rust already named, 
weak Bordeaux Mixture is the best fungicide to employ. 
The time for the application in the case of Raspberry 
Anthracnose is, says Mr. W. J. Green, first, in spring, 
before the leaves have expanded; secondly, when the 
young canes begin to push; thirdly, fourteen days after 
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