656 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Saxifraga—continued. 
s. Seas (pale). A form with paler flowers than the type. 
1888. 
eo pyrenaica splendens (splendid).* 
orm. 
S. o. Rudoliphiana (Rudolph’s). 
twin, Habit spreading. 
S. ovata (ovate). A form of S. crassifolia. 
S. palmata (palmate). A form of S. hypnoides. 
S. paniculata (paniculate). A synonym of S. geranioides. 
S. pectinata (comb-like). A form of S. Aizoon. 
S. pedatifida (pedately-cleft). /., peduncle and calyx pilose- 
glandular. May. Jl. five-lobed; lobes oblong-linear, entire, 
more or less acute, rarely gum-bearing; cauline ones two- or 
three-lobed. Otherwise like S. geranioides (of which it was 
formerly regarded as a variety). South of France. 
S. pedemontana (Piedmont). #1. white, sub-corymbose ; calyx 
segments linear; petals obovate-oblong, much longer than 
the calyx. July and August. J. of the rosette triangular- 
cuneiform, rather thick, three-lobed, strongly nerved; lobes 
obtusely toothed at apex. Stems almost naked, erect. Alps 
of Piedmont, 1824. Plant pilose-viscid. Syn. S. cervicornis. 
S. planifolia (flat-leaved). /. white; calyx lobes ovate, 
obtuse; petals obovate, slightly retuse, three-nerved. July 
and August. 7., lower ones oblong, obtuse, dense; cauline 
ones distant; all slenderly (about) three-nerved, Switzerland, 
Piedmont, and Pyrenees. Plant densely tufted, softly pilose. 
S. propaginea (propagating). A form of S. Clusii. 
S. pubescens (downy). /. few on an almost naked stem. 
(. of the rosette clustered palmate; segments linear, viscid- 
pubescent. Pyrenees, &c. 
S. pulchella (rather pretty). A synonym of S. exarata. 
S. Rudolphiana (Rudolph’s). A form of S. oppositifolia. 
S. seardica (Scardi Mountains). #. white, few in an erect 
corymb; calyx glandular; petals obovate, twice or thrice 
exceeding the calyx. June and July. Jl. rigid, glaucous, 
glabrous, lanceolate, acute, somewhat concave above, keeled 
beneath, scabrid-denticulate at base. Orient. Plant tufted. 
S. Schmidtii is perhaps a form of S. ligulata. 
S. sponhemica. /l. white, sin. across; petals marked with 
three green nerves; panicle very many-flowered, 8in. to 12in. 
A lovely rosy-crimson 
jl. pinkish-purple, solitary or 
high. @. deeply lobed or cleft; segments acuminate-subulate. 
h. 4in. Europe. Plant emitting runners at base. Allied to 
S. hypnoides. 
S. taygetea is now regarded as a distinct species, and not as 
a variety of S. rotundifolia. 
S. tombeanensis. A form of S. diapensivides. 
S. tricolor (three-coloured). A form of S. sarmentosa. 
S. tyrolensis (Tyrol). A garden hybrid between S. cesia and 
S. squarvosa. 
S. umbrosa dentata (toothed). #. dotted with pink, in 
narrow panicles; peduncles 8in. high. J. orbicular, deeply 
toothed, very pale beneath. Pyrenees. 
S. u. Ogilvieana (Ogilvie’s)* jl. pinkish; panicles dense, 
about 6in, high. A fine variety. 
S. Vandellii (Vandell’s). . white; corymbose, pedunculate ; 
calyx lobes ovate; petals obovate-cuneate, much longer than 
the calyx. June to August. 7. firm, ciliated; radical ones 
densely clustered. Tyrol, &c. Plant pilose-glandular. 
S. Wulfeniana (Wulfen’s), This is identical with, or a form 
of, S. retusa. 
S. Zimmeteri (hybrid). 
S. cuneifolia. 
Hybrids, Besides the hybrids, &c., already named, the 
following are worthy of mention: Distinction, Hybrida 
Nana, La Gaye Dauphine, Porte, and Progress. 
SCABIOSA. Star Head. To the species, &e., 
Besenipee on pp. 376-7, Vol. III., the following should be 
added : 
S. alpina (alpine). A synonym of Cephalaria alpina. 
S. caucasica alba (white). A variety with white flower- 
heads. 1895. 
S. Correvoniana (Correvon’s).* 
with a large involucre. May to August. Stems erect, 7in. 
to Yin. high. Abchasia, 1892. A handsome, bushy plant. 
S. Metaxasii (Metaxas’). A synonym of S. palestina. 
S. ochroleuca Webbiana (yellowish-white, Webb's). The 
correct name of S. Webbiana. 
S. palzstina (Palestine). /.-heads very variable in colour, 
form, and size; corollas more or less radiate, the segments 
three- to six-cleft. Summer. J. variable; lower ones toothed 
or lyrate, rarely pinnatipartite; upper ones lyrate or pinnati- 
partite. Stem erect, variable in height. Orient. A more 
or less pubescent annual. Syn, S. Metaxasit. 
A hybrid between S. Aizoon and 
ji.-heads pale yellow, large, 
Scabiosa—continued. 
S. parnassi (Parnassus). A synonym of S. Pterocephala. 
S. stellata (star-like). jl.-heads pink or bluish-white, long- 
edunculate; corollas radiant. July. J. incised or almost 
yrate; terminal lobe the largest, obovate, toothed. Stems 
branched. A. 14ft. Mediterranean region, 1823. Annual. 
S. Victoriz (Victoria's), A garden hybrid. 1888. 
SCHIVOLA. To the species described on pp. 377-5, 
Vol. III., the following should be added : 
S. cuneiformis (wedge-shaped). . blue, sessile, in a long, 
interrupted spike; corolla gin. long. J. petiolate; lower ones 
obovate, often 2in. long; upper ones oblong-cuneate, passing 
into sessile bracts, which are mostly under 4in. long and 
quite entire. Stems erect or ascending, herbaceous. 1824. 
S. Taccada (Taccada). A synonym of S. Keniyii. 
SCALE INSECTS (Coccidz). These, together with 
their near allies the Mealy Bugs, &c., are very inimical 
to plant-life, and with one or two notable exceptions 
offer no compensating advantages. Such exceptions are 
to be found in the case of the Cochineal Insect (Coccws 
Cacti) and the lesser known Lac Insect (Tachardia lacca), 
each of which yields an article of commerce of economic 
utility. Against these two must be set a very large 
namber of most objectionable pests alike to outdoor 
flowers, fruit (both outside and under glass), and 
greenhouse and stove plants. In this country alone the 
list of indigenous species is a formidable one, but small 
in comparison with those found in some other countries, 
with which the writings of Douglas, Cockerell, Com- 
stock, and others have familiarised us. 
The most injurious species that of recent years has 
been recorded in any country is the San Jose Scale 
(Aspidiotus perniciosus), so destructive to nearly every 
kind of fruit in California and elsewhere. So far, however, 
it has not yet made its appearance here, though with 
the facilities now existing for an interchange of commerce 
its advent may not be long delayed. Already a near 
relative in the Japanese Cherry Scale (Diaspis amygdali) 
has found its way here upon imported species of the 
genus Prunus; but thanks to the note of warning sounded 
by Mr. R. Newstead, of Chester, it was promptly stamped 
out. Unfortunately another species has found a lodgment 
here, and it looks as if it has come to stay. We refer 
to Orthezia insignis. 
Worthy of note in connection with Coccids generally is 
the omnivorous nature of the majority, and in none is 
this characteristic exemplified better than in the Orthezia 
just noted, and in the Common Mealy Bug of our plant- 
houses (Dactylopius destructor), Fruit trees harbour several 
species, the most destructive being the Oyster Shell 
Bark Louse (Aspidiotus ostreeformis), the Mussel Scale 
(Mytilaspis pomorum), Peach Scale (Lecanium persicx), 
Brown Currant Scale (Lecaniwm coryli), and the Cottony 
Cushion Scale (Pulvinaria ribesiv). Palms are also 
considerably preyed upon, the species varying from the 
curious black, thread-like Ischnaspis filiformis to the 
Oleander Scale (Aspidiotus Nerii). Orchids and Camellias 
suffer not a little from the attention of Coccids; while 
Roses are infested by Diaspis rose and Lecanium rose. 
Aspidiotus britannicus, recorded from Kew as having 
been found upon Hollies, is new to this country; while 
that establishment has also the credit for enriching 
Science with a new species, Fiorinia kewensis, discovered 
by Mr. Newstead. 
Of the newly-recorded species most interest centres 
around Orthezia insignis, a beautiful but very destructive 
and omnivorous species. Six years ago it formed the 
subject of a report issued by the Massachusetts Agricultural 
College, and prepared by Mr. C. H. Fernald. It was 
then described as ‘‘A New Greenhouse Pest.” Since 
that time it has been found in many greenhouses in this 
country, and it behoves every gardener to be aware of 
the pest. In America the insect goes by the name of the 
Black-Tailed Mealy Bug, the White-Tailed Mealy Bug, 
Lantane Bug, and White Fly, the last being a singularly 
absurd name. Twice we have met with it on Lantanas, 
and in each case the gardener was powerless to do anything 
to get rid of the pest. Only the females were, however, 
observed, though a very careful watch was kept for the 
males. To judge by the list of food-plants it has most 
accommodating tastes, and on that account alone would be 
a most undesirable visitor in any greenhouse. In America 
the chief food-plants are given as Lantanas, Ageratums, 
Libonias, Verbenas, Fuchsias, Coleus, Pelargoniums, 
