672 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Solanum—continued. 
S. cornutum (horned). 7. yellow, lin. to lin. across, plicate, 
resembling a five-rayed star, one segment produced; cymes 
simple, few-flowered. 1. pinnatipartite, 5in. to Tin. long, 
3in. to 4in. broad; partitions pinnatifid, prickly; prickles 
straight, subulate, yellow. Stem herbaceous, prickly, 4ft. high, 
branched. Mexico, &c. Greenhouse, (G. C, 1897, ii., p. 311, 
£94) 
S. coronatum (crowned). /7. variegated, as large as a Plum. 
/. dark green, pinnatifid. h. 3ft. Habitat not recorded, 1892. 
A’ greenhouse or half-hardy, much-branched, leafy species, 
armed with violet and grey prickles. 
S. Dammannianum (Dammann’s). jl. dark blue, large, 
disposed in clusters. fr. yellow. Jl. large, cordate-ovate, with 
Wavy, sinuate borders, tomentose on both sides. Stems 
covered with stellately-branched hairs. h. 8ft. to 9ft. Habitat 
not recorded, 1890. A robust, greenhouse species. 
S. demissum (weak). A form of S. tuberoswin. 
S. Duchartrei (Duchartre’s). jl. purple, hairy on the outside. 
J. sinuately lobed. Western tropical Africa, 1890. Stove shrub, 
prickly in all its parts. 
S. duplosinuatum (doubly sinuate).* fl. blue, large. jr. white. 
/. large, pinnatifid, of a clear green, suffused with bronze- 
colour, and armed with yellow prickles, Abyssinia, 1892. A 
tine, tall-growing, strong plant. 
S. Farini (Faini’s). A strong-growing, blue-flowered, spiny, 
greenhouse species, something in the way of S. duplosinuatum. 
Africa, 1896. 
S. ferrugineum (rusty). A synonym of S. tormuin. 
S. guineénse (Guinea). fl. violet, small, sub-umbellate. 
Jr. dark Dlackish-blue, shining, numerous. 7. ovate, glabrous, 
entire, paler beneath, cuspidate, the larger ones 6in. long, 
including the petioles. A. 2ft. to 4ft. West Africa, 1889. A 
half-hardy annual, of rapid growth, referred, in the ‘ Index 
Kewensis,” to S. nigrum. 
S. havanense (Havana). The correct name of .S. Hookerianum. 
S. heterodoxum (heterodox). /. violet, lsin. across, with 
orange anthers ; corolla lobes acute; cymes few-flowered, near 
the tips of the branches. July. /. deeply pinnatifid; lobes 
five to seven, obtuse, pinnatifid-toothed. Stem branched, 
spiny. kh, 1sft. to 2ft. Texas, 1820. Hardy, pubescent annual. 
Syn. S. citrullifoliwn. 
S. Hookerianum. ‘The correct name is S. havanense. 
S. hybridum Hendersonii (IJenderson’s). jl. white, abun- 
dantly produced. jr. orange-red, ovoid. Habitat not recorded, 
1878. This much resembles S, Pseudocapsicuin. 
S, jasminoides floribundum (abundant-flowered).* A more 
floriferous plant than the type, and having smaller and less 
pinnatifid leaves. 1886. It is a fine climber. 
5S. lasiophyllum (woolly-leaved). jl. purple, few, in short, 
dense racemes ; corolla lin. to 1sin. across, shortly and broadly 
lobed. fr, ovoid-globular, enclosed within the calyx. /. very 
shortly petiolate, ovate-oblong to nearly orbicular, very thick 
and soft, lin. to 2in. long. /. 2ft. to 3ft. West Australia, 1897. 
A stout, rigid, prickly, greenhouse shrub or under-shrub, 
densely and softly stellate-tomentose. 
S. Melongena. The form ovigerwm has white fruits the size 
of a hen’s egg; and in speciosa atropurpurea they are of a 
beautiful reddish-scarlet. 
S. Monteiroi (Monteiro's). /. purple, campanulate, ljin. in 
diameter. fr. purple, large, edible. /. oblong, thin, 8in. long. 
Angola, 1894. Stove shrub. 
S. Mors-elephantum (elephant’s-death). jl. bright blue. 
Jr. canary-yellow, large, depressed-globose.  /._ dark green, 
lyrate, borne on violet-coloured petioles. h. 3ft. ‘Tropical 
Africa, 1894. Greenhouse bush. 
S. muticum (curtailed).* /. violet-blue; peduncles axillary, 
fascicled. fr. reddish, about as large as  Hazel-nuts. 
/. alternate, petiolate, lanceolate, acuminate, softly pubescent. 
h. 43ft. Paraguay, 1894. This greenhouse bush had been 
previously grown in this country but had been lost for some 
twenty years previous to the date given above. (R. G. 1894, 
t. 1401.) 
S. Ohrondii (Ohrond’s).. A synonym of S. Commersoni. 
S. ovigerum (egg-bearing). A form of S. Melongena. 
S. pensile (pendulous). jl. bright violet-blue, with a white, 
star-shaped eye and conspicuous yellow stamens; corolla 14in. 
across, the segments with incurved tips; panicles large, 
pendulous, pubescent. May. 7. 2in. to 4in. long, ovate or 
cordate-ovate, paler beneath. Demerara, 1887. A tall, 
branched, stove-climber. (B. M. 7062.) 
S. Pierreanum (Pierre's). 7. rounded, ribbed, lin. in 
diameter; when young green striped with deep violet, then 
ivory-white changing to golden-yellow, and when quite ripe of 
an intense vermilion-scarlet. 7. ovate, acuminate, obscurely 
lobed, deep green. Western tropical Africa, 1899. 
S. Pseudocapsicum nanum ((warf). A dwarf, 
branched, tufted variety. 
S, racemigerum and S. rosarigerum (of Continental 
gardens). Synonyms of Lycopersicum esculentum. 
much- 
Solanum—continued. 
S. texanum ovigerum (egg-bearing). 
ripe, the shape and size of hens’ eggs. 
1894. A half-shrubby perennial. 
S. Tomatillo (small Tomato).* #. purple, Potato-like but 
smaller, terminal, corymbose; calyx five-toothed; corolla 
puberulous outside; peduncles branched, J. solitary, linear, 
obtuse, entire, glabrous, rather thick, the margins undulate- 
crisped. Stem shrubby, with almost herbaceous, highly glabrous 
branches. Chili, A desirable plant, quite hardy, though it may 
be usefully employed as a greenhouse subject, flowering the 
greater part of the winter. It may be readily increased from 
cuttings. 
S. torvum (wild, gloomy). fl. white, l4in. across, many in lateral, 
dense, often dichotomous racemes. fr. yellow, 4in. to 4in. in 
diameter. 7. ovate, 6in. long, sinuate or lobed, softly hairy 
above, stellately tomentose beneath, without prickles. h. 8ft. 
to 12ft. Tropics, &c. (cosmopolitan). Greenhouse shrub. 
Syn. S. ferrugiieum. 
S. tuberosum. There is a variegated form—variegatum. 1897. 
S. Uporo is the correct name of S. anthropophagorum. 
S. verrucosum (warted). A form of S. tuberosum. 
SOLDANELLA. To the information given on 
pp. 456-7, Vol. III., the following should be added : 
S. affinis (related). A synonym of S. montana. 
S. hybrida (hybrid). A natural hybrid between S. alpina and 
S. pusilla. 
S. minima alba (white). A yariety with white flowers. 
S. pusilla is the correct name of S. Clusii, 
SOLENACHNE. A synonym of Spartina (which 
see). 
SOLIDAGO. Including FPuthamia. To the species 
described on pp. 457-8, Vol. III., the following should be 
added : 
S. californica (Californian), /l.-heads golden-yellow, sin. long, 
disposed in a dense, twiggy thyrse 4in. to 12in. long ; rays seven 
to twelve. /. oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or obovate, obtuse or 
apiculate, entire or slightly toothed. Stem rather stout, low or 
tall. Plant pubescent or puberulent. 
S. Gattingeri (Gattinger’s). jl.-heads small, in racemiform 
clusters, forming a corymbiform, naked panicle. J. ciliolated ; 
lowest cauline and radical ones lanceolate-spathulate, appressed- 
serrulate ; upper ones mainly entire, oblong-lanceolate, about 
lin. long; uppermost ones jin. to 4in. long. Branches and 
inflorescence glabrous. 4d. barely 2ft. 
S. glabra (glabrous). A synonym of S. serotina. 
S. grandiflora (large-flowered). A form of S. Jittoralis. 
S. littoralis (shore-loving).  jl.-heads rather large, but 
resembling those of S. Virgauwrea; raceme oblong, crowded, 
Summer. J. obovate-lanceolate, almost entire. Stems simple. 
Italy, &e. Whole plant shortly velvety-pubescent. ‘8S. grandi- 
flora, of unknown source, is evidently a tall, cultivated form 
ofethis” (Asa Gray). 
S. multiflora (many-flowered). A synonym of S. ulmifolia. 
S. nutans (nodding). A synonym of S. canadensis. 
S. Shortii (Short’s). /.-heads narrow, in racemiform clusters ; 
panicle oblong or pyramidal. 7. bright green, oblong-lanceolate, 
the longer ones 2in. to 3in. long, acute, slightly serrated. 
Stem and flowering branches scabrous. h. 2ft. to 4ft. Allied to 
S. Gattingert. 
S. ulmifolia (lm-leaved).  jl.-heads resembling those of 
S. rugosa. Summer, J. bright green, glabrous or pubescent, 
Jr. bright red when 
Stem erect, bushy, 
acute or acuminate at both ends, coarsely serrated. Stem 
smooth. Allied to S. rugosa. SYN. S. multiflora, 
S. Virgaurea nana (dwarf).* _/.-heads golden-yellow. h. 2it. 
A compact form, suitable for the mixed border. 
S. V. prostrata (prostrate). A pretty, dwarf variety. 
SONCHUS. To the species described on p. 458, 
Vol. III., the following should be added. One or two 
plants formerly included hereunder are now referred to 
Lactuca. 
S. arboreus (tree-like). l.-heads larger than in S. pinnatus, 
many in terminal corymbs ; florets fifteen to twenty. J. pinnati- 
partite, spirally disposed ; lobes linear, one to two lines broad, 
entire. Stem arboreous, terete, unarmed. Canary Islands. 
S. congestus (crowded). The correct name of S. Jacguini. 
S. leptocephalus (smooth-headed). /l.-heads many in terminal, 
corymbose panicles, June and July. 7. pinnatipartite; lobes 
linear-filiform, entire, scarcely half-a-line broad. Stems 
shrubby, unarmed. Canary Islands. 
SONERILA. To the species described on p. 458, 
Vol. III., the following should be added : 
S. orientalis (Eastern). 
fl. bright rose or purple with yellow 
anthers, produced in 
profusion. 7. broadly ovate, acute, 
