688 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
STENOTAPHRUM. According to the latest 
authorities, S. glabrum is the correct name of S. ameri- 
canum. 
STEPHANANDRA. This genus now embraces four 
species, natives of China and Japan, and closely allied 
to Neillia. Flowers small, racemose or paniculate, 
slenderly pedicellate. Leaves alternate, petiolate, incised, 
or pinnatifid and incised-serrated, pubescent beneath. To 
the species described on p. 498, Vol. III., the following 
should be added : 
S. incisa (incised). A synonym of S. flexuosa. 
S. Tanakez (Tamaka’s). jl. white, very small, puberulous; 
in terminal, pendulous panicles 3in. to 4in. long. June. J. 2in. 
long and broad, alternate, triangular-ovate, three-lobed, bright 
green, turning golden-yellow in autumn; lobes acuminate, 
serrated. Branches brown. h. 3ft. Japan, 1893. (B. M. 7593 ; 
R. G, 1896, t. 1431.) 
STERCULIA. Including Oleobachia, To the species 
described on p. 500, Vol. III., the following should be 
added : 
S. acuminata (taper-pointed). A synonym of Cola acuminata. 
S. austro-caledonica (South Caledonian). jl. deep ‘red, 
shaded with orange, numerous, 4in. in diameter; racemes 
lateral, springing from the old part of the trunk. J. large, 
palmately lobed, disposed in a terminal crown. h. 10ft. or 
more. New Caledonia. An erect, unbranched, stove tree. 
(B. M. 7382.) SYN. S. neocaledonica (of gardens). 
S. Balanghas (of Roxburgh). A synonym of S. 7obilis. 
S. grandiflora (large-flowered), A synonym of Cola acumi- 
nate. 
s. EE Dt (variable-leaved). 
Solia. 
S. neocaledonica (New Caledonian). 
S. austio-caledonica. 
S. nobilis (noble). #. pale buff, red within, fragrant, mostly 
males, in. across, campanulate ; panicles lax, axillary, many- 
Howered, pendulous. jr. containing edible seeds. J. 2in. to 
12in. long, 2in. to 6in. broad, glabrous, oblong, acuminate ; 
petioles lin. long. kh. 20ft. India, 1787. Syn. S. Balanghas (of 
Roxburgh). 
S. urens (stinging). 7. yellow, small, the females mixed with 
many males; panicles erect, dense, terminal, many-flowered, 
glandular-pubescent. fr., follicles armed with stinging hairs. 
7. about the ends of the branches, Qin. to 12in. Jong and 
broad, rounded, five-lobed, cordate at base; petioles 6in. to 
Yin. long. Trunk erect. India, 1793. A soft-wooded tree. 
STEREOSPERMUM (from stereos, rigid, and 
sperma, seed). Orv. Bignoniaceey. A genus embracing 
about ten species of stove trees, natives of tropical Asia 
and Africa, and formerly classed under Bignonia. Several 
of them have been introduced, but it is doubtful if they 
are still in cultivation. 
ain eae FRUSTULOSUM. See Oak Fungi, 
ol. . ? 
ste ks HIRSUTUM. See Oak Fungi, 
ol, . 
STERNBERGIA. These beautiful bulbous plants 
should be left in the soil, which shonld be deep and 
light ; cover them with litter in severe weather. To the 
species and yarieties described on p. 501, Vol. III., the 
following should be added: 
8S. Fischeriana (Fischer’s).* jl. bright yellow; tube funnel- 
shaped, less than Jin. long; segments oblong-spathulate, 14in. 
long; peduncles two or three to a bulb, short, one-flowered ; 
spathes white, usually bifid. March. J. eight or nine to a 
bulb, contemporary with the flewers, linear, obtuse, 6in. long 
at the flowering season, afterwards lengthening. Bulb lin. to 
2in. in diameter. Caucasus, &c., 1894. (B. M. 7441.) 
S. macrantha (large-flowered).* jl. bright yellow; tube cylin- 
drical, 2in. long ; segments oblong, lin, to 1jin. long; peduncle 
cylindrical, 4in. to 6in. long; spathe 3in. to 4in. long. Autumn. 
l. lorate, obtuse, glaucescent, Zin. broad, fully developed in 
A synonym of S. diversi- 
A garden synonym of 
June. Bulb lin. to Ijin. in diameter, the neck 4in, to 6in. 
long. Asia Minor, &c., 1896. (B. M. 7459.) 
STEUDNERA. 5S. discolor is now classed as a 
distinct species and not as a form of S. colocasixfolia. 
STEVIA. To the species described on p. 502, 
Vol. III., the following should be added. S. fascicularis 
and §S. ivefolia are now 1ezarded as distinct species. 
S. fascicularis (fascicled), jl.-heads white, fasciculately 
congested ; florets glabrous. September. 7. opposite, rhomboid- 
lanceolate, deeply and argutely serrated; upper ones sessile. 
Mexico, 1830. Greenhouse. (B. R. 1838, t. 9.) 
Stevia—continued. 
S. iveefolia (Ivy-leaved). l.-heads white, disposed in fastigiate 
corymbs ; involucre and florets glandular and downy. August. 
l. lanceolate, attenuated to the petioles, serrated at apex. 
Stems erect, villous-hairy, corymbosely branched at apex. 
h, 2ft. Mexico, 1816. Greenhouse. 
S. odorata (scented). jl.-heads white, odorous, disposed in 
terminal, corymbose cymes. August. 7. narrow-lanceolate, 
acuminate. Ah. about l6in. Habitat not recorded, 1890. <A 
free-flowering, greenhouse species. 
S. salicifolia (Willow-leaved). /l.-heads white, disposed in 
spreading corymbs. June to September. Jl. opposite, narrow- 
lanceolate, very shortly petiolate and almost connate, nearly 
oF anite entire. h. 14ft. Mexico, 1803. A glabrous, greenhouse 
shrub. 
STINGING NETTLES. See Urtica. 
STINK FLY. A popular name for the beantifal 
and distinct Lacewing Flies (which see). 
STINKING CEDAR. Se Torreya taxifolia. 
STINKING YEW. See Torreya. 
STINKWOOD, TASMANIAN. See 
Smithii. 
STIPA. To the species described on pp. 503-4, 
Vol. III., the following should be added: 
S. arundinacea (Arundo-like). 1. purplish-brown, disposed in 
drooping plumes about 4ft. long, which when dry form excellent 
“everlastings.” h. 2ft. New Zealand, 1882. Syn. <Apera 
arundinacea (G. C. 1897, xxii., pp. 282-3, f. 84). 
S. Calamagrostis (Calamagrostis). The correct name of 
S. Lasiagrostis. 
S. capillata (long-haired). 1. in a loosely-branched panicle, the 
branches very slender, erect, elongated; glumes cuspidate- 
Zieria 
attenuated. J. glaucous, rigid, convolute, slender. Culms erect, 
rigid, leafy throughout. A. 2ft. Orient, &c., 1815. A useful 
species. 
STISSERA. A synonym of Curcuma (which see). 
STOKING. This is a most important operation in 
the heating of glass structures, mushroom-houses, and 
similar places. In the first place, the stoker should be 
guided by the external conditions, as, for instance, early 
in the morning, if the day promises to be bright and 
warm, it would not only be a waste of fuel and labour 
to put on a strong fire, and thus heat the hot-water 
pipes unduly; but the combination of strong heat from 
the pipes and from the sun is injurious, predisposing 
the plants to an attack of Red Spider and other 
animal foes. On the other hand, when the morning 
is dull and cold, with a disagreeable wind, it would 
be unwise not to keep up a good fire to maintain the 
necessary heat in all the houses. Hence the necessity 
for the stoker exercising a very careful watch on atmo- 
spheric conditions and changes, and promptly acting in 
a sensible manner to avoid waste of labour and fuel, as 
well as to ensure the best conditions for the plant-life 
in the heated structures. Another important item in 
Stoking is perfect cleanliness in the stoke-hole and round 
the boiler, otherwise considerable loss will occur. All 
ashes and clinkers should be removed before there is any 
possible danger of their interfering with the draught of 
the fire, or mixing with the fuel. Nothing indicates 
carelessness and a want of method more than to see 
clinkers and ashes mixing with the coal or treading under 
foot in the stoke-hole. Many boilers have the fire playing 
over the outer surface, and soot quickly accumulates. 
Being practically a non-conductor, it prevents the flames 
from having the same heating power as when the boiler 
is kept clear. This waste is avoided if the boiler is 
regularly cleared of soot once a week through the doors 
placed for that purpose on all boilers requiring such 
attention. : 
Much depends, again, on how the Stoking is performed. 
One stoker will obtain nearly double the heat from the 
same weight of fuel in the same boiler as will another. 
To ensure the greatest amount of heat from fuel it is 
essential that the bars on which the fire rests should be 
kept free from clinkers or other matter that interferes 
with the draught of the fire, and any ashes in the fire 
removed by raking between the bars from underneath 
with the long-handled hooked poker. This is much better 
than continually stirring up the fire, turning it over and 
over, and wasting a lot of heat in the process. It is 
necessary to use the poker occasionally, but after clearing 
away all clinkers the first thing in the morning, and 
