708 
Tools, Implements, &ce.—continued. 
them with pieces of good turf of exactly similar size. 
Compared with the ordinary method of turf-repair the 
work is simplicity itself. ‘The tool consists of a cylin- 
drical cutter affixed to a stout handle. The knives are 
at the lower end of the cylinder, and they cut both 
clearly and well. Inside the cylinder is an unloader, 
which preserves intact the sod of good Grass to be utilised 
in the repair. By the aid of this Renovator it is possible 
to cut through turf from 24in. to 3in. in thickness. It 
is made in seyeral sizes, 8sin. diameter, 10in., and 12in, 
Fia, 721. 
SOIL-STIRRER. 
Weeding Fork. One of the latest forks designed for 
weeding is the Gnu, invented by Corry and Co. It has 
five strong, tapering tines placed close together, and the 
whole is affixed to a handle 34ft. in length. The 
operator can, therefore, with a minimum expenditure of 
energy execute a maximum amount of work. 
TOPDRESSING. The addition of fresh soil, or 
chemical or natural manures on the surface to plants or 
trees, is known as Topdressing. It is one of the best 
modes of maintaining them in good health and condition, 
as it not only supplies plant-food, but encourages the 
multiplication of surface-roots, which receive the benefit 
of solar influences, reaching beneficially on the plant or 
tree. Further, the manure is easily applied, and assists 
im conserving moisture. 
TORENIA. To the species, &c., described on p. 59, 
Vol. IV., the following should be added : 
T. exappendiculata (having no appendage). 
T. peduncularis, (R. G., t. 892.) 
T. Fournieri compacta (compact). This differs from the 
type in its dwarfer and more compact habit. (R. G. 1887, 
p. 667, f. 172.) There are also several garden forms that are 
likely to commend themselves — grandiflora, light blue, with 
purple blotches and yellow spots; PRINC HELENE, light 
blue, with darker spots ; and WHITE WINGS, white, with rose 
suffusions and yellow throat. 
T. hirsuta. According to the ‘‘ Index Kewensis,” 
distinct species and not a variety of 7. asiatica. 
TORTOISESHELL BUTTERFLY. 
Insects, and Vanessa. 
TORTRIX VIRIDANA. 
Moth. 
A synonym of 
this is a 
See Pear— 
See Oak-Leaf Roller 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
TOURNEFORTIA. To the species described on 
p. 62, Vol. IV., the following shonld be added: 
T. cordifolia (cordate-leaved). jl. 
terminal, corymbose cymes. J/. opposite, lft. long, cordate, 
acute; petioles Sin. to 4in. long. Tropical America, 1887. A 
greenhouse or half-hardy shrub, of bold habit, clothed with 
short hairs. (R. H. 1887, p. 128, f. 26-7.) 
T. heliotropioides. The 
anchuseefolivum. 
TOURRETIA. 7. 
T. lappacea. 
TOWN GARDENING. An interesting, but little 
understood phase of Horticulture. In a Town Garden, 
usually the chief causes of failure are large shade trees, 
sour and poor soil, and unfortunate selection of species 
and yarieties. Perhaps the greatest mistakes occur in 
trees and shrubs, especially in the Evergreen Section. 
With these the rule to remember is never to plant subjects 
whose foliage has a holding surface. The best kinds are 
those that have a glossy surface, from which the impnrities 
incidental to towns are dislodged by a moderate shower 
or by the use of the garden syringe or the hose. It cannot 
be too clearly laid down that anything that clogs the 
breathing pores of the leaves is inimical to plant-life. 
Aucubas, Barberries, Quercus Ilex, Crategus Pyracantha 
and other Thorns, Privet, Laurustinus, Cotoneasters, Box, 
Laurels, Euonymus, Olearia Haastii, Osmanthus, and 
Phillyreas, are all good evergreens for towns. Deciduous 
kinds are more numerous, and embrace Planes, Flowering 
Currants (Ribes), Laburnum, Syringa, Amygdalus, 
Ailantus, Cytisus, Spireas, Weigelas, Guelder Rose, 
Limes, Cornus, Forsythia, Syeamore, Hibiscus, Poplar, 
and Virginian Creeper. Of hardy bulbous subjects there 
is no lack, while Michaelmas’ Daisies, Phloxes, 
Carnations, Chrysanthemums, Flag Irises, and Ponies 
are amongst the best that fall under the heading of 
flowering subjects that may be considered hardy. 
TOWNSENDIA (named in honour of Dayid Towns- 
end, botanical associate of Dr. Darlington, of Pennsyl- 
vania). ORD. Composite. A genus embracing about sixteen 
species of hardy, depressed or low, many-stemmed herbs, 
found on the Rocky Mountains. Flower-heads compara- 
tively large, resembling those of Aster; rays varying 
from violet or rose-purple to white, numerous; achenes 
white, small, in large, 
correct name is LHeliotropiwin 
volubilis is the correct name of 
commonly beset with bristly, duplex hairs; involueral 
bracts mostly ciliated. Leaves linear to spathnlate, 
entire. Only one species calls for description here. For 
culture, see Perennials. 
T. Wilcoxiana (Wilcox’s). /1.-heads rosy-purple, mostly solitary, 
sometimes lin. long, shortly pedunculate or sub-sessile ; in- 
volucre well imbricated. Early spring to summer. 7. linear- 
spathulate, lin. to 3in, long including the petiole-like base. 
Colorado, &e. 
TOXICOPHLZA. 
thera, 
TRACHELOSPERMUM. T. jasminoides varie- 
gatum has the leaves variegated with white, but it is 
not so vigorous as the type. 
TRACHYCARPUS. 7. Griffithii (R. H. 1879, p. 212, 
f. 43) and T. khasyanus are now regarded as synonyms 
of T. Martiana. T. khasyanus (B. M. 7128) has been grown 
for many years under the names T. Griffithii, Chamerops 
Griffith, and C. Martiana. 
TRADESCANTIA. To the species described on 
p. 65, Vol. IV., the following should be added. All 
require stove treatment. 
T. congesta (congested). 
h. 2ft. North America. 
T. decora (comely).* 
The correct name is Acokan- 
4. light blue. July and August. 
7. elongated, lanceolate, dark olive-green, 
with a median band of silvery-grey. Brazil, 1892. 
T. dilecta (beloved). /. dark green with greenish-white stripes 
on the upper surface, dark purplish-violet beneath. Stalks 
cylindric, green, blotched with dark purple. Hahbitat not 
recorded, 1897. 
T. elongata (elongated). 7. small, in rather dense umbels ; 
petals pink ; peduncles one to five, terminal, jin. to 3in. long. 
i. 3in. long, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, dark green, with 
bands of silvery-white, and a dull purple tinge down the 
midrib. Stem procumbent, at length sub-erect, lft. to 2ft. 
high, slightly branched. Tropical America, 1892. 
