710 THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Trees and Shrubs—continued. 
pureus, Viburnum, Amelanchier canadensis, Crategus 
punctata, CC. prun ifolia, C. coccinea, Liquidambar 
styraciflua, Parrotia persica, Cornus alba, C. florida, 
Styraw obassia, Pyrus torminalis, Liriodendron tulipifera, 
and Vitis (including Ampelopsis) of sorts, are a tew of 
the most striking. 
One of the most delightful groups of hardy Trees and 
Shrubs may be composed of berry-bearing kinds, and 
planters would do well to introduce these more freely 
into pleasure-grounds, parks, &c. 
Piuantinc. The subject of planting or transplanting is 
of great importance to those haying anything to do with 
the cultivation of hardy Trees and Shrubs, as the success 
or failure depends in a large degree on the way in which 
such details are carried out. It should not be forgotten 
that if a Tree or Shrub is worth planting, it should be 
carefully treated. Ground for the reception of orna- 
Trees and Shrubs—continued. 
roots and establish themselves in their new quarters 
before winter. Besides, they are better able to commence 
growth in spring without feeling ill effects. Any time 
between September and March will do so long as the 
Trees are in a condition to be lifted, ordinary care is 
taken in the operation, and provided, of conrse, that the 
ground is in a proper state to receive them. 
Planting in dry, windy weather is not advisable, as 
evaporation then goes on much more rapidly than is 
the case when the weather is mild and dull. It will 
therefore be seen that the conditions most favourable for 
planting are when the atmosphere is damp or moist. It 
is not a good practice to transplant in mid-winter, as the 
ground at that period is yery cold. Neither shonld 
transplanting be done or attempted in frosty weather. 
With regard to seedlings that have been growing in 
seed-beds, or autumn-rooted cuttings, spring will be fonnd 
Fic. 723, CHIONANTHUS RETUSUS. 
mental Trees should be properly drained, if not naturally 
so, and trenched. It must, however, be remembered that 
Trees and Shrubs differ as regards the kind of soil most 
suitable for them. Some are naturally deep-rooting, and 
others, like the Heath family and its allies, may be taken 
as examples of surface- or shallow-rooting subjects. Such 
Shrubs as the deciduous Daphnes are best planted as 
quickly as possible after the fall of the leaf in autumn, 
as root-action commences soon after Christmas, which 
would be interfered with if planting were deferred until 
spring. 
Opinions differ greatly as to the best time to transplant 
Trees and Shrubs. Some prefer early autumn, some March, 
and others April and May. We believe, however, in 
autumn planting, as then the temperature of the ground 
is higher than is the case either in mid-winter or in 
early spring, and the Trees are enabled to make fresh 
the best time for planting these ont in nursery rows in 
soil suited to their requirements. Until well established 
they should be watered daily. : 
Eyergreens, especially Hollies, Yews, Bays, Portngal 
Laurels, &c., may be transplanted with safety in April 
and May. They should always be lifted with good balls 
of earth, and the roots interfered with as little as 
possible; bnt they should never be exposed to drying 
winds, which injure the small fibrous rootlets. They 
should not be kept out of the ground longer than is 
really necessary, and if any of the roots should get 
bruised, the injared parts shonld be ent away at once, 
because if allowed to remain they might decay and be 
the means of causing others to die; if a sharp knife be 
used in entting the roots, the damaged parts will soon 
heal over. 
In the case of Trees that are required to travel long 
pee 
