Denutzias, Cytisus, 
Philadelphus, Ribes 
robs it of much of its beanty. 
Genistas, Spireas, LEscallonias, : J 
(Flowering Currants), Syringas, Loniceras, Wistarias, 
Viburnums, &ec., should have their vigorous shoots 
shortened, and delicate growths removed after flowering. 
The knife should be used sparingly with such things 
Fic. 725, 
ENKIANTHUS CAMPANULATUS. 
as Kalmias, Pieris (Andromeda), Vaccininms, Azaleas, 
Ledums, &c. The majority of the evergreen ornamental 
Shrubs are best pruned in summer. 
Clematises need special attention, as the flowers are 
produced upon different kinds of wood. The herbaceous 
sorts, such as C. diversifolia, C. recta, and C. Davidiana, 
should be ent down to the ground in antumn, while those 
belonging to the Viticella and Jackmanni sections are 
best pruned to within 9in. of the soil in November. The 
Lanuginosa, Montana, and Florida types flower from 
Jane to October, and these should be pruned in 
February, removing the whole of the weak, overcrowded 
shoots, and a part of the old flowering wood. 
Certain Shrubs are improved by close pruning. 
Paulownia imperialis is a case in point. If the whole 
of the wood be ent down in the autumn to a few eyes, 
strong shoots will be thrown up in spring, the most 
vigorous of which should be selected and the others 
removed. ‘Treated thus, P. imperialis makes a good 
lawn Shrub, planted either singly or in a group. The 
Golden-leaved Elder is much improved by seyere 
pruning, as its young shoots are of a richer yellow 
than when left unpruned. Willows, Amorphas, Colnteas 
(Bladder Sennas), &c., may be kept within bounds by a 
free use of the knife. The Stag’s Horn (Rhus typhina) 
bears pruning well, and if compact plants are desired 
close pruning is necessary. Hydrangea paniculata hortensis 
(H. p. grandiflora) should be pruned in Febrnary, and the 
whole of the previous year’s wood cut back to a single 
eye, as hard pruning is essential if large, well-formed 
panicles of flowers are desired in antamn. With regard 
to most of the other Hydrangeas, a thinning ont of the 
shoots will be ample. 
Conifers should not be pruned in winter; the best time 
is spring or summer, as the Trees being then in growth 
the wounds quickly heal. Conifers generally, however, 
require very little pruning. The Larch and Pine families 
are, for instance, apt to bleed freely if pruned when in 
full growth. Conifers shonld be moulded into shape 
when young. Such Trees as Cedrus Deodara, C. Libani, 
and Tsuga canadensis (Abies canadensis) frequently throw 
up delicate, pendulous leaders, and are apt to become 
flat-headed unless the side-growths are shortened when 
young, and more strength thrown into the principal 
leader. See also Shrubberies and Shrubs, and 
Transplanting. 
FIG. 726. 
STUARTIA PSEUDO-CAMELLIA. 
Deciduous Trees and Shrubs. 
Abelia Carya Deutzia 
Acanthopanax Caryopteris Diervilia 
Acer Castanea Enkianthus 
Bsculus Catalpa (Fig. 725) 
Ailantus Cercis Eueryphia 
Alnus Chionanthus Euonymus 
Amelanchier (Fig. 723) Exochorda 
Amorplha Clematis Fagus 
Aralia Clerodendron Forsythia 
Azalea Clethra (Fig. 724) Fothergilla 
Berberis Colutea Fraxinus 
Betula Cornus Fuchsia 
Cesalpinia Corylus Gaylussacia 
Calophaca Cotoneaster Genista 
Calycanthus Crategus Gleditschia 
Caragana Cytisus Gymnocladus 
Carpinus Daphne Halesia 
