Vanda—continued. 
V. teres alba (white) 
is shown at Fig. 750. 
V. t. gigantea (gigantic).* 7. large and richly coloured. Stems 
and leaves stouter than in the type. 1896. 
V. tricolor formosa (beautiful). /., sepals and petals bright 
yellow, uniformly covered with rows of oblong, reddish-brown 
spots. 
V. t. Hovez (Mrs. Howe's). f., sepals and petals yellowish, 
thickly spotted with red; lip rose-crimson. (L. ix., t. 396.) 
V. t. Lewisii (Lewis's). 7. light-coloured, spotted with reddish- 
brown. 1894. 
A synonym of V. t. candida. The type 
Fig. 751, VANDA TRICOLOR PATERSONI. 
/ 
V. t. Patersoni (Paterson's). 
is shown at Fig. 751 
V. t. pretexta (bordered). jl., sepals and petals light 
sulphur-yellow, bordered with pale rose, and with scattered 
oblong spots. 
V. t. Wallichii (Wallich’s), 7., .sepals and petals yellow, 
spotted with brown; lip lilac. 1893. (R. H. 1893, p. 328.) 
V. undulata. The correct name is Stawropsis undulatus. 
V. vitellina (egg-yellow). This species very closely resembles 
V. cerulescens Boxallii, but the flowers are very small, and 
yellow like the yolk of an egg. Habitat not recorded, 1892. 
V. Wightiana (Wight’s). A synonym of Acaimpe Wightiana. 
This beautifully-marked variety 
Hybrid. 
. 
PARENTAGE AND RAISER. 
teres and Hookeriana (Joaquim). 
NAME. 
Miss Joaquim 
Natural Hybrids. 
PARENTAGE, 
Roxburghiti and cerulea. 
cerulea and Bensoni. 
cerulea and Kimballiana. 
NAME. 
Ament .... ee 
Charlesworthti 
Mooret .. 
VANESSA. Except perhaps the Whites, there are no 
Butterflies so much associated with gardens as the 
bright-coloured members of this genus. It is, however, 
not in the light of pests, but rather as beantiful additions 
that the majority are viewed, as evidenced by the en- 
couragement it is proposed by certain local authorities 
to give the species in town gardens. On one or two 
occasions perhaps the, as a rule, scarce Tortoiseshell 
(V. polychloros) has proved troublesome to the frnit- 
grower. Against that, however, must be set the fact 
that most species feed upon the common Nettles, and 
on this account are to be regarded as_ benefactors— 
V. urtice (Fig. 754) and V. Jo (Fig. 755) for instance. Only 
three species of the seven are at all common—the two 
last-mentioned and V. atalanta (Fig. 757). The others, 
THE DICTIONARY 
| 
OF GARDENING, 
Vanessa—continued, 
V. C-album, or Comma (Fig. 752); V. 
Lady (Fig. 758); V. 
Cardui, or Painted 
polychloros, or Large Tortoiseshell 
Fie. 752. 
VANESSA C-ALBUM. 
(Fig. 753); and V. antiopa, or Camberwell Beanty 
(Fig. 756), are rarely seen, especially the last-named. In 
this genus the males and females are not* readily 
differentiated. y 
In gardens, whether in town or in country, most of the 
species are to be found. To distinguish them with wings 
outspread is easy enough, as then the gorgeousness of 
colouring for which they are remarkable is displayed to 
the full; but when at rest with wings closed, so well are 
the insects ‘‘ protected,” that despite their size they 
are only seen by those with a trained eye. 
The caterpillars vary somewhat in colour and in the 
arrangement of the dots, or lines, or both, with which 
they are marked, but they are all alike in being adorned 
with spines. The caterpillar of the Large Tortoiseshell 
(Fig. 753) feeds on the Elm—for which reason the perfect 
insect is sometimes called the Elm Butterfly—and also 
on the Willow, which is the food-plant of the larva of 
the Camberwell Beauty. That of the Comma (Fig. 752) 
feeds on various plants, the Hop, Red Currant, Elm, 
Willow, and Nettle being amongst them. The Painted 
Lady larva (Fig. 758) affects Thistles and the Nettle; 
while the other three keep almost entirely to the latter. 
All the caterpillars are somewhat conspicuous, and there- 
fore readily found. 
The pupxe of all the Vanessas are similar in form, 
being yery angnlar, and adorned with metallic, usually 
golden, spots. They are suspended by  their*® anal 
extremities, without any covering whatever to protect 
them from the weather; indeed, such a covering would 
