1900 SUPPLEMENT—RECENT INTRODUCTIONS, &C. 
Vanessa—continued. 
be quite unnecessary, as the pupal state is passed in 
the height of summer. 
The perfect insects are on the wing during the later 
months of summer and the early autumn. As the cold 
weather approaches, they retire to some sheltered spot, 
and there hibernate during the winter, appearing again 
towards the end of spring, when the eggs are laid which 
are to produce the summer’s brood. 
In a few solitary instances Vanessas make their appear- 
ance eyen in mid-winter. When this is the case it is 
usually an individual that has hibernated in a house, and 
been aroused from its winter sleep by the warmth of the 
surroundings; or it may be, in the case of specimens 
outside, that an usually mild, warm day in winter has 
misled them, and caused-them to emerge from their winter 
retreat. 
Fig. 753. 
VANESSA POLYCHLOROS. 
In Vol. IV., five species only of the Vanessas were 
described. V. C-albwm (Fig. 752) is gradually dis- 
appearing from this country. It is uncertain whether 
V. C-album is single- or donble-brooded. The winter is 
passed in the perfect state, and the butterflies reappear 
about May. They are seen from that date onwards, but 
the chief flight occurs in September and October. The 
larve, which feed principally on the Hop (Humulus 
Inpulus), the common Nettle (Urtica dioica), and the 
Red Currant (Ribes rubrum), may be found in July and 
Angust, and perhaps in the spring, while the pups occur 
in September, if not before also. 
Vol. V. 
=I 
bo 
<o 
Vanessa—continued. 
Fic. 754 VANESSA URTICAS, 
V. C-album (Fig. 752) has the costal margin of the fore- 
wings nearly straight, and the hind-margin of all the 
wings very jagged; while the inner margin of the fore- 
wings has a deep hollow. The colour of the upper surface 
Fria 
759. 
VANESSA Io, 
5A 
