Vanessa—continued. 
and five black ones near the margin of the hind-wings. 
On the under-surface (Fig. 758) the fore-wings gre 
marked much in the same way, but in somewhat lighter 
tints. The hind-wings are delicately pencilled with 
brown and cream, and there are five beautiful eye-spots 
corresponding to the five black spots on the upper 
surface. Contrary to usual custom, the under-surface 
is more beautiful than the upper. 
VANGUERIA. J. 
madagascariensis is the correct 
name of V. edulis. 
VANILLA. To the species described on p. 137, 
Vol. IV., the following should be added : 
V. grandiflora (large-flowered). 
V. Humblotii (Humblot’s). /. very large; sepals ligulate- 
acute; petals rhombic, broad, acuminate; lip rhombic, blunt, 
angled, undulated in front, with a dark, ribbon-like zone over 
the front part of the disk, and numerous strong, twisted 
hairs scattered from base to disk; raceme many-flowered. 
Tropical Africa, 1885. A leafless species. 
V. Pompona (Pompona). 
Syn. V. grandiflora. 
V. Roscheri (Roscher’s). 1. white, large; sepals lanceolate- 
oblong, Sin. to 34in. long; petals as long and rather broader ; 
lip entire, undulated, 25in. to 2jin. long; column lin. long; 
pedicels l4in. long; racemes pedunculate, many-flowered. 
Stem stout, leafless. Mozambique. 
V. Walkere (Mrs. Colonel Walker's). j. white, 2in. long ; 
sepals oblanceolate; petals broader, acute, with undulated 
margins ; epichil ovate, acute, with undulated margins, the 
disk having two ridges below the middle; racemes Sin. to 6in. 
fone, many-flowered. Stem as thick as the thumb and leafless. 
ndia. 
V. Wightiana (Wight’s). 
A synonym of V. Pompona. 
The correct name of V. dutescens. 
fl. lin, to 1jin. long; sepals and 
petals pale yellow, Wes with green, linear-oblong; lip 
three-lobed, with a hairy, reddish-purple crest. | Stems 
leafless. Southern India, 1899, 
VARENNEA. A synonym of Eysenhardtia (which 
see). 
VARIEGATED LAUREL. ‘Sve Aucuha. 
VEGETABLE. Although this term is properly 
applicable to any plant, yet in a horticultural sense it 
is applied only to such plants as are cultivated for some 
part which is edible when cooked. 
VEGETABLE WAX. A _ protective, 
substance on many leaves and fruits. 
VELLEIA. To the species described on p. 
Vol. IV., the following should be added: 
V. lanceolata (lanceolate). A synonym of Goodenia filiformis. 
V. Salmoniana (Dr. George Salmon’s). This species in general 
appearance resembles Goodenia filiformis, but, of course, differs 
in botanical details. 1893. 
VELVETY MOULD (Sclerotinia Fuckeliana). <A 
destructive disease of the Grape Vine, the conidial, or 
“monuld’’ form of which is very well known. Reference 
has been made to this fungus under Sclerotia and Peziza 
in Vol. III. -The fungus does not confine itself to the 
Vine, but is fonnd on a large number of plants. All 
parts of the Vine are affected, but the greenish-brown 
mould is usually first discovered upon the foliage. 
The Grape-grower should spray with a solution of 
sulphide of potassium, in the proportion recommended 
under Fungicides, directly the disease is discovered. 
Later, affected berries and leaves should be burned, 
otherwise the sclerotia that may be found thereon will 
tide the disease over the winter, to appear again’ the 
following season. ; 
VENICE SUMACH. 
VENIDIUM. To the species described on p. 141, 
Vol, IV., the following should be added: 
V. calendulaceum (Marigold-like). 
Vo fugax. 
wax-like 
139, 
See Rhus Cotinus. 
A garden synonym of 
1900 SUPPLEMENT—RECENT INTRODUCTIONS, &C. 
Venidium—continued. 
V. fugax (fugacious). /l.-heads l4in. in diameter; ray bright 
orange, a little paler beneath; disk blackish. 7., radical ones 
petiolate, elliptic, obtuse, sinuate, lobed, or  sub-lyrate, 
generally without auricles; upper ones sessile, sometimes 
lower 
and 
calendu- 
slightly auricled at base, entire or sinuate-toothed, the 
ones somewhat pandurate. A. 15ft. 1887, Stem, les 
involucral scales shortly hairy. Hardy annual. Syn. V. 
laceum (of gardens). 
V. hirsutum (hairy). 7.-heads 1jin. to 1jin. in diameter; ray 
bright orange-yellow, but not so deep as in V. fugax ; k 
blackish. 7. lyrate-pinnatifid ; radical ones petiolate, with large, 
broadly elliptic-oblong, deeply-lobed terminal lobes, the petioles 
scarcely or not at all auricled; uppermost ones much smaller, 
sessile, pinnatifid. A. 10in. to 12in. Stem, leaves, and outer 
involucral scales hairy. Hardy annual. Syn. V. speciosum (of 
gardens). 
V. speciosum (showy). A garden synonym of V. hirsutum. 
VERATRUM. J. 
VERBASCUM. 10 the species described on pp. 143-4, 
Vol. IV., the following should be added : 
viride is now given specific rank. 
V. crassifolium (thick-leaved).* (1. yellow, large, fascicled ; 
raceme dense, spicate. J. crenulate, downy-woolly; canline 
ones long-decurrent. Portugal. A pretty, densely yellowish- 
tomentose biennial. 
V. longifolium (long-leaved). fl. golden-yellow, — shortly 
pedicellate ; corolla lin. broad; inflorescence sessile, lft. high, 
dense-flowered. July. 7. very numerous, densely superposed ; 
lower ones 14ft. to 2ft. long. h. 3ft. to 4ft. Southern Italy 
and the Balkans, 1898. A stately, hairy-tomentose annual. 
(B. M. 7707.) 
V. 1. pannosum (rag-like). . in a rather loose raceme. July. 
1. thick. Whole plant softly and densely white-tomentose. This 
plant was formerly classed as a species. 
V. pheeniceum. Of this species (which is a perennial) there 
are numerous colour varieties, ranging from white through 
lilac and rose to violet and purple. 
V. Wiedemannianum (Wiedemann’s).  /. changing from 
indigo-blue to purplish-lilac, 1{in. broad, solitary, in very long 
racemes. l. woolly; radical ones 3in. to Sin. long, oblong or 
elliptic, crenate or sub-entire, narrowed to the petioles ; cauline 
ones small, sessile. h. 1ft. to 3ft. Orient, 1893. Biennial, 
VEREENA. Named varieties are not usually culti- 
vated now, such having been superseded by the fresh 
strains in the hands of florists. Crimson Gem, Tresserve, 
and Uranie are, however, good varieties if the former are 
preferred. 
VERBESINA. To the species described on pp. 146-7, 
Vol. 1V., the following should be added : 
V. aurea (golden). A synonym of Zexmenia aurea. 
V. Coreopsis (Coreopsis-like). A synonym of Actinomeris 
sqUarrosa. 
fl.-heads white, ovate-oblong ; corymb 
a delicate green, alter- 
ile, amplexicaul, 
Tender ; useful 
V. gigantea (gigantic).” 1 1 
compound. /. large, winged, glistening, 
nate; lower ones decurrent ; upper ones s 
pinnatipartite. Stems round, green. Jamaica. 
in a young state for bedding. 
V. Mameana (Mame’s).* /. 34ft. long, 2ft. broad, ovate, acute, 
cuneiform at base; cut into large, slightly-toothed lobes, 
slightly hairy above. A. 6ft Ecuador, 1885. A fine, half-hardy 
plant. (R. H. 1885, f. 9; 1895, f. 101.) 
V. occidentalis (Western). The correct name of Aetinomeris 
alata. 
V. sativa is synonymous with Guizotia abyssinica (oletfera) 
(described on p. 152, Vol. LV., as Veslingia sativa). 
VERNONIA. To the species described on p. 147, 
Vol. IV., the following should be added: 
V. acutifolia is synonymous with V. sericea. 
V. altissima (tallest). /.-heads purplish-violet, sin, high or 
less, usually in a loose or open cyme. September to November. 
1. thinnish, veiny, lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, denticulate, 
shortly petiolate, glabrous above, pubescent beneath. /. Sft. 
to 10ft, North America, 1820. An excellent perennial for the 
