1900 SUPPLEMENT—RECENT INTRODUCTIONS, &C. 743 
Woodlice—continued. 
as they are inside. Young Tomato plants, Mushrooms, 
Melons, Cucumbers, Mint, and many other subjects are 
laid under contribntion, and the Woodlice, being night- 
feeders, are somewhat difficult to deal with. In the day- 
time, as stated under Oniscide (Vol. II.), they lie 
concealed under anything affording the slightest shelter. 
Traps of various kinds may be employed, the most effec- 
tive—at any rate in Mushroom houses—being small flower- 
pots, half-filled with moss and laid upon their sides. 
The pests take shelter in these after their midnight 
revels, and may be shaken therefrom over a vessel of 
boiling water in the morning. Still more effective, how- 
ever, is phosphorus paste as used for Cockroaches. This 
should be spread upon bread-and-butter, and laid about 
their haunts. Barley-meal and paste in equal parts laid 
upon pieces of wood is also good. 
WOODSIA. Most of the known Woodsias are found 
in cold and temperate climates. North America is 
particularly rich in them, and the genus is well repre- 
sented in Great Britain by two species, W. hyperborea 
and W. ilvensis, both of which are of particularly distinct 
character, and rank among the rarest of our native Ferns. 
As a rule, Woodsias may be said to flourish where but 
little soil is allowed around their roots, in crevices of 
damp rocks, or upon the rocks themselves, generally in 
fairly exposed situations. They are well adapted for 
growing in small intermediate and hardy Ferneries, where 
they form suitable companions to Asplenium Ruta-muraria, 
A. Ceterach (or Ceterach officinarum, as it is more com- 
monly called), A. Trichomanes, &c., and they may also 
be successfully cultivated in pots. They require a very 
open soil, composed of turfy peat and light loam in equal 
‘parts, with a free admixture of finely-broken charcoal, 
sandstone, or silver-sand. Thorough drainage is essential, 
and the crowns of the plants should be kept above the 
soil and surrounded by a few small stones: the effect of 
this arrangement is to keep the roots in a permanently 
moist state without using much water, as they are 
particularly averse to stagnant moisture. 
Woodsias are usually increased by the division of their 
crowns, an operation which is attended with most satis- 
factory results when performed during their resting 
period—from November to March. They may also be 
propagated by means of their spores, which are produced 
in abundance and germinate freely, especially when sown 
in a temperature of 65deg. to 70deg. 
WOODWARDIA. Chain 
possess a decorative character 
greenhouse, the conservatory, or the hardy Fernery, 
according to their requirements. Few Ferns are as 
effective as W. radicans or W. orientalis, grown either 
on the rockery or in a hanging-basket in the con- 
servatory; while W. areolata (or, as it is usually 
called in gardens, W. angustifolia) and W. virginica 
are very ornamental when planted in a marshy part 
of the hardy Fernery. The compost in which Wood- 
wardias thrive most luxuriantly is a mixture of 
equal parts fibrous loam, peat or leaf-mould, chopped 
sphagnum, and silver-sand, with abundance of water at 
the roots all the year round. It is of the ntmost import- 
ance that these plants should be strictly kept under cool 
treatment, as when subjected to heat they soon become 
a prey to Thrips and Scale, whereas when grown in a cool 
atmosphere they are usually very clean. 
Although Woodwardias may be, and sometimes are, 
propagated from spores, they are usually increased by 
means of the young bnibils produced either towards the 
end of their fronds, as in W. radicans and its varieties, 
or oyer the whole of their surface, as in W. orientalis. 
The hardy kinds are also easily multiplied by the 
division of their rhizomes—an operation which is more 
successfully performed from Noyember to March than at 
any other time of the year. 
To the species, &c., described on pp. 217-8, Vol. IV., 
the following should be added: 
W. radicans Burgesiana (Burges').* fronds light and 
elegant, sometimes 24ft. long, of a harsh, coriaceous texture; 
pinne and pinnules uniformly depauperated, serrated through- 
out. Azores. 
W. r. Brownii (Brown's). The correct name of W. +. 
WOOLLY BEAR. ‘See Tiger Moths. 
Woodwardias 
for either the cool 
Ferns. 
cristata. 
WORKING. A term applied to plants grafted or 
budded on stocks. The great majority of grafted or 
budded plants are worked as low down as possible, to 
prevent suckers or growths from springing up and thus 
injuring or choking the scion. Occasionally Apple- and 
Pear-trees are worked 6ft. from the soil to form standards, 
but this is seldom practised now, the major portion of 
standard trees being worked low down like- other trees. 
WULFFIA. WW. stenoglossa is the correct name of 
W. (Gymnolomia) maculata. 
WURMBEA. According to Baker (*‘ Flora Capensis’’), 
W. capensis is the correct name of W. campanulata. 
_XANTHISMA. 
X. Drummondii is synonymons with 
X. texanum. 
XANTHOCEPHALUM. YX. gymnospermoides, de- 
scribed on p. 221, Vol. IV., is a hardy annnal, and 
is therefore propagated by seeds. 
XANTHORHIZA. According to the ‘Index 
Kewensis,”’ Zanthorhiza is the correct rendering. 
XANTHOSOMA. To the species described on 
pp. 223-4, Vol. IV., the following variety should be added : 
X. helleborifolium. The correct name is Andromycia cubensis. 
X. Lindeni magnificum (magniticent).* A handsome variety, 
having much larger leaves than in the type. 1885. Syn. 
Phyllotenium Lindeni magnificum. 
XAVERIA. A synonym of Anemonopsis (which 
see). 
XERANTHEMUM. Syn. Xeroloma. These Ever- 
lastings are now to be obtained in mixed vyarieties— 
white, purple, pink—which are far superior to the type. 
They may be sown in either spring or autumn. 
XEROLOMA. A synonym of Xeranthemum 
(which see). 
XEROPHYLLUM. \X. setifolium is the correct 
name of X. asphodeloides. 
XIPHIDIUM. 
X. floribundum. 
XYLEBORUS DISPAR. 
Beetle. 
XYLEBORUS DRYOGRAPHUS. 
Insect Pests. 
XYLEBORUS PERFORANS. 
Beetle. 
XYLOBIUM. To the species described on p. 225 
Vol. IV., the following should be added : 
X. Colleyi (Colley’s). #. reddish-brown, spotted with purple, 
borne on short scapes, and having an odour resembling that 
of a Cucumber. /. large, Stanhopea-like. Pseudo-bulbs round. 
Trinidad, 1890. Syn. Maxillaria Colleyi. 
X. leontoglossum (lion’s-tongue). jl. yellow, dotted with red ; 
sepals oblong-lanceolate ; lip oblong, the lateral lobes narrow, 
the terminal one rounded, fleshy; raceme dense, oblong or 
cylindrical, nodding; scape robust. March. /. petiolate, 
elliptic-lanceolate, acute, plicate. Pseudo-bulbs clustered, 
fusiform. Colombia. (B. M. 7085.) Syn. Mazxillaria leontoglossa. 
X. corrugatum and _X. scabrilinguis have also been introduced, 
but they have little horticultural value. 
XYNOPHYLLA. A synonym of Exocarpus (which 
see). 
XYRIS. X. altissima is synonymous with Bobartia 
spathacea (which see). 
X. ceruleum is the correct name of 
See Apple - Bark 
See Oak— 
See Dendrobium 
3 
YACCA-WOOD TREE. 
dieana. 
YELLOW ROOT. See Hydrastis canadensis. 
YELLOW WATER-LILY. ‘ee Nuphar luteum. 
YUCCA. To the species and varieties described on 
pp. 227-34, Vol. IV., the following should be added: 
Y. brevifolia (short-leaved). 1. erect; perianth greenish- 
white, lsin. to 2in. long, with lanceolate segments; pedicels 
very short; panicle dense; peduncle short. /. dense, very 
rigid, thick, 6in. (or in young plants sometimes 12in.) long, 
See Podocarpus Pur- 
