An Encyclopedia of Horticulture. 



45 



AjugSL— continued. 



A. alpina (alpine). Synonymous with A. genemnsis, 



A. australis (southern), /f. blue ; whorls six or more flowered ; 

 lower whorls remote, upi^er ones sub-spicate, floral leaves similar 

 to the stem ones, exceeding the flowers. May to July. I. nan-ow- 

 oblong, narrowed at the base, quite entire or sinuated, thickish, 

 rather villous. Stem ascending, or erect, h. 6in. New Hol- 

 land, 1822. Perennial. 



A. Chamsepitys (ground -pine). Jl. yellow, dotted with red, 

 jjubescent outside ; whorly two-flowered ; floral leaves similar to 

 the others, exceeding the flowers. April, l. deeply trifld, with 

 linear, quite entire, or trifld lobes. Stem procumbent at the base, 

 much branched, beset with long hairs, like the leaves, h. about 

 6in. England (rare). Annual. 



A. genevensis (Geneva).* ji. varying from blue to rose colour and 

 wliite ; u]>per whorls spicate, lower ones distant, six or more 

 flowered. May. l. stem ones oblong-elliptic or obovate, narrowed 

 at the base ; lower ones petiolate ; floral ones ovate or cuneated ; 

 superior ones scarcely eriuaUing the flowers or shorter, all usually 

 coarsely toothed, membranaceous, gi-een on both surfaces, and 

 beset witii scattered hairs. Stem erect, pilose, h. 6in. to 1ft. 

 Europe. A very variable species, admirably adapted as an alpine 

 plant, and succeeds best in bog soil, where its roots will have 

 plenty of room ; it increases rapidly. Perennial. Syns. A. alpina, 

 A. riKjosa. 



A. orientalis (oriental).* Jl. blae ; whorls six or more flowered, 

 distant, or the upper ones are approximate. May. I. lower ones 

 large, petiolate ; ovate, coarsely and sinuately toothed, narrowed 

 at the base ; floral ones sessile, broad ovate, deeply lobed or 

 toothed, exceeding the flowers. Stem ascending, pilosely woolly. 

 /i. 1ft. to lift. Eastern Em-ope, 1732. This species should be 

 grown in a dry, sunny spot. 



A. pyramidalis (pyi-amidal).* Jf. blue or pun^le ; whorls many- 

 fluwered, upper ones or all spicate. May and June. I. stem ones 

 approximate, scarcely petiolate, obovate ; floral ones broad-ovate, 

 clasping the flowers, tetragonally pyramidate ; the upper ones 

 often coloured, all quite entire or obscurely sinuated. Stem erect. 

 k. 6in. Scotland. Perennial. Of this there are seveial handsome 

 garden varieties. 



Fig. 55. Flower of Ajtjga reptans. 



A. reptans (creeping).* ^. varying from blue to rose-colour ; lower 

 whorls remote ; upper ones spicate, six to twenty flowered. May. 

 I. ovate or obovate, quite entire or sinuated, and are, as well as 

 the stem, nearly glabrous ; radical one petiolate, stem ones nearly 

 sessile. Stem creeping. The variegated and darkest leaved 

 forms of this are superior to the tj-pe for horticultural puqjoses. 

 Britain. Perennial. See Fig. 55. 

 A. rugosa (wrinkled). Synonymous vnih A. genevensis. 



AKEBIA (its Japanese name). Stn. Rajania. Ord. 

 LardizabalaceoB. A pretty twining shrub, succeeding- well 

 in the south-western counties of England, or in Scotland, 

 trained to a trellis, or rambling over other shrubs in the 

 open; but, when so grown, it requires the protection of a 

 mat in winter. It makes an excellent twiner for the cool 

 greenhouse. Sandy loam, leaf soil, and peat are most 

 suitable for its culture. Increased by root dlTisions and 

 cuttings. 



A. quinata (flve-leafletted).* yf. purplish bro\vn, small, in axillary 

 racemes, very fragi'ant. March. I. on very slender petioles, and 

 palmately divided into usually five distinct petiolulate oval or 

 oblong euKirginate leaflets, the bottom pair smallest, h. 10ft. 

 Chusan, 1845. 



AKE£-TREE. See Blighia sapida. 



AIiA. A lateral petal of a papilionaceous flower. 



AIiANGIAC£.2Q. A very small order of trees or 

 shrubs, usually with inconspicuous flowers, in axillary 

 fascicles. Fruit succulent, eatable. The two genera best 

 known in this country are Alangium and Nyssa. 



AIiANGIUm (from Alangi, the Malabar name of the 

 first species). Ord. Alangiace(u. Very showy stove ever- 

 green trees, with alternate, exstipulate, entire leaves. 

 Flowers few, sessile, in axillary fascicles ; calyx campanu- 



Alangimn — continued. 

 late ; petals linear, spreadingly reflexed. They thrive well 

 in a mixture of loam and peat, or any light rich soil. Cut- 

 tings root readily if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand 

 glass placed over them, in heat. 



At decapetalnm (ten-petaled).* Jl. pale purple, with a grate- 

 ful scent, solitary, or two to three together in the axUs of the 

 leaves ; petals ten or twelve. June. I. alternate, oblong-lanceo. 

 late, quite entire ; branches glabrous, spinescent. h. 30ft. Malabar, 

 1779. 



A. hexapetalum (six-petaled). Jl. purple, six-petaled. I. ovate- 

 lanceolale, acuminated, velvety beneath, k. 30ft. Malabar, 



1825. 



AIiATUS. Furnished with a membranous or thin wing 

 or expansion. 



AIiBESCENT. Growing white. 



AIiBICANT. Growing whitish. 



AIiBINISM. A pale condition due to the absence of 

 chlorophyl. 



A^BIZZIA (named after an Italian). Ord. Legumi- 

 noscB. Ornamental greenhouse or hardy trees or shrubs. 

 For culture, see Acacia, to which they are often re- 

 ferred. 



A. Jnlibrissln (Julibrissin). Jl. white ; heads pedunculate, 

 forming a terminal somewhat corymbose panicle. August. I. 

 with eight to twelve pairs of pinnse, each pinna bearing 

 about thirty pairs of dimidiate -oblong, acute, rather ciliated 

 leaflets. k. 30ft. to 40ft. Hardy. Levant, 1745. Syn. A. 

 Nem u. 



A. lopliantha (crest-flowered).* Jl. yellow ; racemes ovate- 

 oblong, axillary, twin. May. I. with eight to ten pairs of 

 pinn;e, each pinna bearing twenty-flve to thirty pairs of linear, 

 bluntish leaflets ; petioles and calyces clothed with velvety down. 

 h. 6ft. to 10ft. New Holland, 1803. A very distinct unarmed 

 greenhouse species, and one of the best for window garden- 

 ing. 

 A. Nemu. A synonym of A. Julibrissin. 



AIiBUCA (from albicansy or alous, white ; the colour of 

 the earlier species). Ord. LiliacecB. A rather extensive 

 genus of Cape of Good Hope bulbs, requiring ordinary 

 greenhouse culture. Closely allied to Ornitlwgalum. 

 Perianth six-cleft, three outer segments spreading ; three 

 inner ones closed over thp stamens. They, however, suc- 

 ceed admirably when grown in a warm sunny position 

 out of doors, if covered with a hand glass, or litter, during 

 winter. A light loamy soil, with leaf mould and sand, 

 suits them well. Propagated by offsets from the old 

 bulb, or seeds. There are but few species worthy of 

 cultivation. 



A. angolensls (Angolan), jl. yellowish, large, in cyhndrical 

 racemes 1ft. to l^ft. long. I. linear- lorate, sub-erect, fleshy, pale 

 green, l^Jft. to 2ft. long. h. 3ft. Angola. 



A* aurea (yellow).* Jl. pale yellow, upright ; peduncle very 

 long, erect, spreading. June. L linear-lanceolate, flat. k. 2ft. 

 181^. 



A. fastiglata (peaked).* Jl. white ; peduncle very long, spread- 

 ing. May. I. linear, flattish, longer than the scape, h. lAft. 

 1774. 



A* flacclda (weak). Jl. pale yellow, with a green keel, drooping, 

 six to eight in a loose raceme ; peduncles spreading at right 

 angles. July. I. lanceolate -Un ear, obUquely bent. h. 2ft. 

 1791. 



A.Nelsozil (Nelson's).* jl, perianth, l^in. long, ascending, white, 

 with a dull red stripe down the back of each segment ; scape 

 stout, 4ft. to 5ft. high. Summer. I. bright green, very concave 

 at the basal part, nearly flat in the upper part, 3ft. to 3ift. long, 

 l^in. to 2iin. broad, at about one-third the way up, whence they 

 are gradually narrowed to an acute point. Natal, 1880. This very 

 handsome species is the best of the genus. 



AXiBTTMBN. The substance under the inner coat of 

 the testa of seeds, surrounding the embryo. It is some- 

 times absent. 



ALBUMINOUS. Furnished with albumen, 



ALBURNUM. The white wood of a tree; the 

 younger wood, not choked up by sedimentary deposit, and 

 therefore permeable to fluids. 



ALCHBMILLA (from Alkemelyeh, the Arabic name 

 of one of the species). Lady's Mantle. Ord. Rosacea* 



