An Encyclopedia of Horticulture. 



117 



Artich.oke, Jerusalem — continufid. 

 Bame time plant fjood-pliapotl txibers (see Fig. 152) in rows 

 about 3ft. apart, and allow from 18in. to 2ft. between the 

 tubers in the rows. Keep clear of weeds ; and. as soon as the 

 foliage is yellow, in the latter part of the autumn, the roots 

 will be fit for use. The best plan with this crop is to leave 



Fig. 152. Tubers of Jerusalem Artichoke. 



it in the ground till wanted, or till the end of February, 

 and then to take up every tuber, replanting those which 

 are wanted for stock, and storing the others away in a cold 

 dry place. When they commence 

 growth, they turn black, and are of 

 little use for cooking, save for fla- 

 vouring soups. This vegetable haa 

 of late years grown into favour as a 

 marketable crop, and the demajid 

 seems to be increasing. Considering 

 its very easy culture, it is fairly re- 

 munerative. See also Helianthtis. 



ARTICULATE, ARTICU- 

 IiATXiD. Jointed ; having joints. 



ARTILIiERY FI.ANT. See 

 Pilea microphylla. 



ARTOCARFEJB. A tribe of 

 the large order Urticacew, 



ARTOCARFUS {from artos, 

 bread, and carpos, fruit ; the fruit, 

 when baked, resembling bread). 

 Bread Fruit. Stns. Polyphemo.^ Ra- 

 demachia, Rima. Ord. UrticacecB, 

 Tribe Artocarpece. Included in this 

 most remarkable tribe, in addition to 

 the Bread Fruit Tree, is the virulent 

 poisonous Antiaris toxicaria, and the 

 economic Cow Tree {BrosiTnum 



Galactodendron)f of Caraccas. A genus of stove evergreen 

 trees, requiring a high and very moist atmosphere, a 

 copious supply of water, perfect drainage, and a compost 

 of two parts rich, loam and one of leaf mould, with the 

 addition of a little silver sand. Under aU conditions, 

 this genus is difficult to propagate ; the young and slender 

 lateral growths are adapted for cuttings ; and suckers 

 may be utilised when procurable, which is very rare. 



A. Cannonl (Cannon's).* l. alternate, petiolate ; petiole and mid- 

 rib bright red ; upper surface glossy, of a rich, full bronzy crimson 

 hue, beautifully tinted with purple ; under surface bright vinous 

 red. The leaves vary much in form ; sorae are simple and cordate 

 at the base, with the apex irregularly lobate ; some have the apex 

 regularly three-lobed, with short, entire lobes ; and others, again, 

 are deep three-lobed, being divided nearly to the base, the seg- 

 ments, of which the centre one is largest, being slightly sinuate- 

 lobed. h. 7ft. Society Islands, 1877. I'his is a most distinct and 

 handsome ornamental -leaved plant. 



A. incisa (incised).* True Bread Fruit. I. from 2ft. to 3ft. long, 

 deeplv lobed or incised, deep green on the upper side, paler below. 

 k. 50ft. South Sea Islauds, 1793. This is a noble tree when full 

 grown, and forms a most distinct and beautiful stove plant. The 

 extraordin.iry fruit is produced from the axils of the leaves in large 

 globular heads, and is highly valued as an article of food in its 

 native country. 



A integrifoUa (entire-leaved). 7. oblong, undivided, sinuated, 

 scabrous, downy beMe;ith. h. 30ft. India, 1778. 



A. laciniata metallica (laciniate, metallic). I. bronzy above, 

 reddish purple beneath. Polynesia. 



ARUM (formerly aron, and probably of Egyptian ex- 

 traction). Ord. Aroidecc. A large genus of ornamental 

 or curious, hardy, greenhouse or stove perennials, with 

 thiek rhizomes and pedate or hastate leaves. Spathe 

 large, convolute ; spadix naked and club-shaped at the 

 top. They arc all of easy culture, and the indoor species 

 will thrive with such treatment as is given to Alorasias, 

 Caladiums, &c. Kich soil is one of the first conditions 

 of success. Like most plants grown for the beauty of 



Fig. 153. Arum maculatlm. 



their foliage, rapid and free growth is necessary. A com- 

 post of good rich loam, with a third of sweet manure, 

 thoroughly rotted, or leaf mould, with some sharp sand, 

 is very suitable. Plenty of moisture is necessary during 



