lis 



The Dictionary of Gardening, 



AxTLXXi — vo7itinited. 

 the growing: season, after wliidi the tender kinds should 

 be kept moderiitely dry, warm, and at rest during the 

 winter. The hardy kiinls may I>o left in the ground, 

 i'mjiagated by seeds or division 

 of the roots — usually the latter. 

 The best time to divide them is 

 just as they commence their 

 new growth, securing as many 

 roots as possible to each divi- 

 sion. Any rootless pioces should 

 be placed in heat shortly after 

 removal ; this hastens the for- 

 mation of roots and excites top 

 growth. Arums are useful in 

 sub-tropical gardening, and are 

 otherwise interesting plants 

 both for indoors and outside cul- 

 tivation ; and the hardy kinds 

 are very suitable for naturalising 

 in woodlands, &o. There are 

 many other species besides 

 those liere described, but the 

 1.-.G.154.AKUMDUACUNCTHJS. f„ii„,^i„j, jj^t comprises the 



best. Sub-sections of the gi-nus will be found treated 

 separately, such as Amorpliopliallus (which see), &c, 

 A. bulbosum (bnll)ous). Synonymous with A. tematum. 



A. Dracontium ((Jreen Pragon). fi.^ .smdix snhnlate, loncrpr 

 than the oblong convolute gi-een spathe. June. I. pedate, entire. 

 Hardy. 



h. 2ft. North America, 1759. 



A, DracnnoiUus (Common Dragon).* /., spadix lanceolate, 

 sliortor than the ovate, flat, smooth, brown spathe. July. I. 

 jiedate, entire. //. 3ft. South Europe, 1548. Hardv. Syn. 

 Draciinculus ntli/aHs. See Fig. 154. 



A. indicum (Indian). 



See Colocasia indica. 



./7., spathe vciitririise lielow, opening nearly 



A. italicum (lt:ilian).V 



flat ami very broad alio\e ; apex ol'tiii IiiIHtil; over very shortly 

 aftt'r expansion, soiiietinics grecuisli yellow, at others nearly 

 white ; spadix yellowish 4)r creamy white, club-shaped, aliout one- 

 third as loni; as the spatlie. Spriii**. I- ajipearini; liefore winter, 

 radiial, tiiaujiular hastate, h. 9iu. to 2ft. (Jhauiiel Islands and 

 Cornwall, Ac. Hardy. 



A i, marmorata (marbled).* I. marbled with yellow. A very 

 pretty and effective hardy border plant. 



A. maculatum (spotted). Lords and Ladies; Cuckoo Pint. Jl., 

 si)athe ventricose below and above, constricted in the middle, 

 witli infl.'\..d ed;;.'s wlieii open, spotted with dull purple ; spadix 

 usually inn pie, slimter than the spathe. Spring. I. vernal radical, 

 hastate-sagittate, with deflexed l.-bes. h. 9in. Britain, &c. This 

 species is admirably adapted for a corner in the wild garden. 

 See Fig. 153. 



A. Malyi (Maly's). Jl. whitish. Montenegro, 1860. 



A. Nickelli (Nickel's). Levant, 1859. A form of A. italicum. 



A. orientale (eastern). Jl. resembling those of A. Tnaculafum. 

 June. l. brownish, simple, ovate, slightly sagittate. h. 1ft. 

 Tauria, 1820. Hardy. 



A. palfestinum (Palestine).* /., spathe 7in. to llin. long, purplish 

 ldnti]i(-d or spotted outside, rich velvety black hiside anil yellowish 

 wbite at the base of the tube; spadix much shorter than the 

 &l>atlie ; petiole usually rising Sin. or 9in. above the leaves. May. 

 I. four or tive, triangular-hastate, a<:ute, from 6in. to 14in. long, 

 and from 3Ain. to 7Ain. broad ; petioles 12in. to 18in. long. Jeru- 

 salem, 1864. Tender. 



A. pictiun (painted), h. 2ft. Corsica, 1801. Hardy. 



A proboscideum (proboscis-like).* jL, spathe greenish purple, 

 navicular, horizontal, terminated by a straight tail ; scapes arising 

 from anions the petioles. May. L radical, about four, cordate- 

 elliptic, entire, h. 6in. South Europe, 1825. Hardy. 



A. spectabile (sho^vy). fl.y spathe ovate-oblong, acuminate, dark 

 purjilish inside, longer than the purplish spadix. I. broadly has- 

 tate-sa;L;ittate. h. 1ft. Asia Minor. Half-hardy. 



A. spirale (spiral). Jl., spadix lanceolate, shorter than the oblong- 

 lanceolate spirally twisted brown spathe. May. I. linear-lanceo- 

 late. Plant stemlcss. h. 1ft. China, 1816. Tender. 



A. tenuifolium (narrow-leaved).* ^., spadix subulate, longerthan 

 the white laneeolate spathe. Aiuil. l. linear-lanceolate. Plant 

 steinlesN. h. 1ft. South Furoiie, 1570. Hardy. 



A. ternatum (three-Ieafleted). A synonym of Phicllia tubcrijcra. 

 A. variolatum (variegated). Dalmatia, 1859. Hardy. 

 A, venosum (veined). A synonym of Satiromatutn guttatuin. 

 A, Zclcbori (Zelebor's). A form of A. maculatum. 



Fig. 1G5. Aru-mjinaria falcata. 



AKUIVE IiILT. See Richardia sethiopica. 



ARUNDINARIA (altered from arundo, a reed). 



Oki>. (iiiuninetr.. A i^mall genus of hardy or nearly hardy 

 shrubby grasses, having 

 strong jointed stems, 

 and frequently included 

 under Bitmhusa. For 

 sub - tropical gardening 

 purposes more particu- 

 larly it is exceedingly 

 ornamental as an isolated 

 tuft. It thrives best in 

 a <leep, rich soil, and 

 rcti\iires plenty of water 

 when in a growing state. 

 Increased by division 

 of the roots. 



A.falcata (sickle-shaped).* 

 /. linear-lanceolate, very 

 acute, shortly stalked, 

 very light green. Steviis 

 freely branched, deep 

 green, and very slender. 

 h. 3ft. to 6ft. India. An 

 extremely handsome spe- 

 cies for greenhouse decoration ; also for outdoor work, particularly 

 in the South of England, &c. Syn. Laiiibusa i/racUis, of 

 gardens. 



A Maximowiczii (Maximowicz's). This Japanese species is 

 believed t(» be allied to, if not identical v.- ith , lia ml msa Siinonii. 

 Quite hardy. 



A Metake (Metake). I. lanceolate, with very sharp points, 

 dark green, persistent, narrowed into a .short leafstalk, 6in. to 

 12in. long ; sheath ample, h. Aft. to 6ft. Japan. A hand- 

 some, hardy, dwarf, much-branched sjiecies, forming grand 

 specimens, and producing flowers very freely. SvN. Bambusa 

 japonico. 



ARTJNDO (origin of word doubtful ; stated by some 

 authorities to be from aritndo, a reed; and others as from 

 tlio Celtic arn, signifying water). Reed. Okd. Gramitiece. 

 A very ornamental group of half or quite hardy plants, of 

 very easy culture in or^linary garden soil, preferring damp 

 situations. Panicle loose ; calyx two-valved, unequal, 

 many-flowered ; corolla of two very unequal valves ; all, 

 except the lower and imperfect one, surrounded by a tuft 

 of hairs. Fruit free, covered by the corolla. Arundos are 

 very valuable either for conservatory decoration, sub- 

 tropical gardening, or cultivation in clumps on the turf of 

 the flower-garden or pleasure ground, and the margins of 

 lakes. Although well worth growing, all are inferior to 

 their ally, the Pampas Grass. Propagated by seeds or 

 divisions, the spring being the best time to adopt either 

 method of increase. 



A conspicua (conspicuous).* Jl. silky-white, on large drooping 

 racemes, and lasting in beauty for several mt.inths. k. 3ft. to 8ft., 

 but in a good deep and sandy loam it sometimes attains the height 

 of 12ft. New Zealand, 1843. This tine species grows in dense 

 tufts, from which arise numerous leathery, narrow, smooth (or 

 slij;htly rough), lon,i; curviiig leaves, and erect, slender culms. 

 The jdant is not suthciently hardy to withstand a severe winter, 

 and should, therefore, be protected with mats, or be grown in 

 tubs, so that it can be removed under shelter before the approach 

 of ^vinter. These precautions are unnecessary in the more 

 southern counties of England. 



A Dona^ (Donax).* Great Reed. Jf. roddisb. ultimately whitish, 

 in numerous spikelets, forming a larne ronijtait jianiele 12in. to 

 16in. long. Autumn. I. alternate, lanceolate acute, large, and 

 ornamental, glaucous green, arcliing. A. about 12ft. " South 

 Europe, 1648. This also requires protection during winter in the 

 colder counties. See Fig. 156. 



A. D. versicolor (various-colovn-ed).* k. 3ft. South Europe. 

 Althou;ih nuieh smaller, this variety is far sujjerior to the tj-pe 

 for gardening' jnuposes, and has its leaves ribboned with white. 

 It requires a deep, well drained, sandy loam to thrive well, and 

 a thortiu^h winter jiruteetion of cucoa-tibre refuse or coal 

 aslics. I'or isolated tufts or groups, few plants can equal it. 

 It is propagated by placing a stem in water, which intlaces 

 little rooted plants to stai-t from the j()int-s ; these should be 

 separated, ptitted off, and kept in frames until thoroughly 

 established. 



A. mauritanica (MediteiTanean Reed). This is a rare greenhouso 

 species, closely allied to A, Donax, but inferior to it. 



