226 



The Dictionary of Gardening, 



Butea — continued. 



beneath. Branches glabrous. C'oroiii.'mdel, 1798. Thi.s approaches 

 the preceding species, from which it differs mainly by its scan- 

 dent habit, and not by any botanical characters. (B. F. F. 143.) 



BUTOMACEJE. An order of aquatic plants, now 

 usually included under Alismnrece. 



BUTOMUS (from bous, an ox, and temno, to out ; in 

 reference to the sharp leaves, which injure the mouths of 

 cattle that browze upon them). Flowering Eush. Oed. 

 Alismacecs. A very handsome hardy perennial aquatic, of 

 extremely easy culture on tlie margins of ponds or muddy 

 banks. Propagated by divisions of the roots, in spring. 



Fig. 304. Butomhs umbellatus, showing Habit and single Flower. 



B. umbellatus (umbelled).* fi. rose-coloured, umbellate ; pedicels 

 with scariose slieathing bracts at the base ; scape naked, terete, 

 longer than the leaves. Summer. I. all radical, 2ft. to 3ft. long, 

 linear, acuminate, triquetrous. Ditches and ponds ; frequent in 

 England, and rare in Ireland. See Fig. 304. 



BUTTER AND EGGS. The double-flowered variety 

 of Narcissus axirantms (which see). 



BUTTER AND TALLOW TREE. See Feuta- 

 desma. 



BUTTER-BUR. Sec Fetasites vulgaris. 



BUTTERCUFS. See Ranunculus. 



BUTTERFLY ORCHIS. See Habenaria bifolia 

 and H. chlorautha. 



BUTTERFLY FLANT. See Oncidium Fapilio. 



BUTTER NUT. See Caryocar and Juglans 

 cinerea. 



BUTTERWORT. St Finguicula. 



BUTTON FLOWER. See Gomphia. 



BUTTON-TREE. .SVe Conocarpus. 



BUTTON- WOOD. See Cephalantlius. 



BUXUS (from pyhios, dense ; referring to the hardness 

 of the wood). Box Tree. Ord. Eitphorhiacece. A genus of 

 hardy evergreen shrubs or small trees. Flowers unisexual, 

 monoecious ; male flowers, calyx of four minute segments, 

 stamens four, inserted under the rudiment of a pistil ; 

 female flowers singly, at the tips of groups of male ones. 

 Fruit, a regma, leathery, beaked with the styles. Leaves 

 simple, opposite, exstipulate, evergreen. These well-known 

 plants thrive in any light, well-drained soil. Seeds should 

 be sown in similar situations as soon as ripe. Cuttings, 

 made of the young shoots, from 4in. to 6in. in length, 

 inserted in a shady place, in August or September, root 

 readily. Layers of either young or old wood, made in 

 autumn or early spring, will make good plants. They can 

 also be increased by suckers and division. 



B. balearica (Balearic).* I. yellowish-green, oblong-elliptical, 

 emarginate, coriaceous, about 2in. long, with a cartilaginous 

 margin, h. 15ft. to 20ft. .South Europe, 1780. This is a hand- 

 some species. I'he cuttings will require a shelter in winter, 

 and in exposed situations it will be better to afford the plants 

 protection- 



Buxus — continued. 



B. sempervlrens (evergreen).* Common Box. t. oval-oblong, 

 retuse, convex, coriaceous, shining ; stalks slightly hairy, h. 

 various. England. There are numerous forms of this popular 

 shrub: argentea, silver-variegated; aurea, has its leaves varie- 

 gated with a golden colour; marriinata has leaves with a golden 

 margin ; myrtifolia has small, oblong, narrowish leaves ; obu/r- 

 data-variegata is a variegated variety, with obcordate leaves, from 

 J.apan ; sufruticosa is the form usually cultivated for edgings, 

 its leaves are small, obovate, this is readily increased by divi- 

 sions, and requires to be planted firmly, in order to keep it 

 dwarf. 



BYRSONIKA (from bijrsa, a hide, and nimius, much 

 used ; because the bark of some of the species is used in 

 tanning, in Brazil). Okd. Malpighiacew. Ornamental stove 

 evergreen trees or shrub.*. Flowers racemose, terminal, 

 simple or branched. All the species thrive very well in 

 any light soil, or a mixtui'e of loam and peat. Cuttings 

 made of half-ripened shoots will root freely in sand, under 

 a hand glass, in a moist bottom heat. 



B. altlsslma (tallest).* fl. white ; racemes clothed with rufous 

 hairs. July. I. ovate-oblong, covered with rufous down beneath, 

 but beset %vith bristles above, which are fixed by the centre. 

 k. 60ft. Guiana, 1820. 



B. ohrysophylla (golden-leaved).* fl. yellow; racemes simple. 

 August. 7. oblong, short, acuminated, acute at the base, rather 

 wavy on the margin, and revolute, smooth above, clothed beneath 

 with silky down, which is of a rusty golden colour. A. 14ft. 

 South America, 1823. 



B. coriacea (leathery-leaved). Jl. yellow, sweet-scented ; racemes 

 densely spiked, pubescent, erect. May. t. ovate, acute, quite 

 entire and smootli. h. 30ft. Jamaica, 1814. 



B. crassifolla (thick-leaved). Jl. yellow ; racemes erect, elon- 

 gated, brownish-velvety. July. I. ovate, acute at both ends, at 

 leniith smooth above, but clothed with brownish down beneath. 

 h. 6ft. Guiana, 1793. 



B. lucida (shining).* Jl. pink; petals hastately kidney-shaped; 

 pedicels hispid ; racenies spiked, erect, short, smooth. May. I. 

 obovate, cuneiform, obtuse, or mucronate, smooth, veinless, 

 shining, h. 8ft. Caribbee Islands, 1759. Described as " a 

 beautiful shrub." 



B. Terbascifolia (V^erbascum-leaved). It. yellow; racemes ter- 

 minal. July. I. lanceolate-obovate, quite entire, downy on both 

 surfaces, h. 6ft. Guiana, 1810. 



BYSTROFOGON (from byo, to close, and pogon, a 

 beard ; in reference to the throat of the flower being closed 

 up with hairs). Ord. Lahiatoe. Greenhouse evergreen 

 sub-shrubs, nearly allied to Mentha. Flowers small, in 

 dichotomous, sub-corymbose, or panicled cymes ; or else 

 disposed in dense spicate whorls. Bracts lanceolate or 

 subulate. This genus contains easily cultivated species, 

 wliich are, however, of no value for garden purposes. 



CAA-CUYS. 

 CAA-MINI. 

 CAAFEBA. 



See Ilex parag^iariensis. 

 See Ilex paraguariensis. 



.SVi 



Cissampelos Fareira. 



CAAFIM DE ANGOLA. See Fanicum specta- 

 bile. 



CAA-QUAZU. See Ilex paraguariensis. 



CABARET. The French name of Asarum europceum. 



CABBAGE. The common name for Brassica ; but 

 especially applied to the plain-leaved hearting garden 

 varieties of Brassica oleracea. To obtain good tender 

 Cabbages in early spring and throughout the summer, it 

 is necessary that they should be planted on rich, deeply- 

 trenched gi'ound, in a position free from the shade of fruit 

 or other trees. Stable dung or good farmyard manure is 

 best for this crop, and should be applied when trenching 

 is being done, burying the manure a spit below the surface. 

 Cabbages should not be planted successionally on the same 

 ground, nor should they foUow any of the other species 

 of Brassica, if it can be avoided. A warmer position, not 

 too much sheltered to make the plants tender, will be 

 found beneficial for the earliest spring crop. This should 

 not be planted too soon in autumn, as the plants are more 

 subject to run to seed, especially if the winter be mild. 

 Tlie several forms of Cabbage are well known, being so 



