232 



The Dictionary of Gardening, 



Cactus — continued. 

 growth, they will not suffer if watered twice a week ; 

 and, on bright afternoons, light syringings may be advan- 

 tageously given. 



Propagation. Three methods are adopted, viz., by out- 

 tings or offsets, grafting, and seeds ; the former is the plan 

 generally adopted. The cuttings or offsets should be 

 removed with a sharp cut, and laid upon a sunny shelf 

 until the wound is healed and roots are emitted, when they 

 should be potted in sandy soil, and placed with the others. 

 They will thrive freely if kept syringed. Grafting is re- 

 sorted to with delicate kinds, which, from some reason or 

 another, will not grow freely except upon the stock of a 

 stronger species ; and, by this means also, such delicate 

 kinds can be kept from the damp soil, which frequently 

 causes incipient decay. The stocks usually employed are 

 those of Cereus tortuosus, C. iieruviamis, &c., according to 

 the species intended for working ; they readily unite with 

 each other. If the scion and stock are both slender, wedge- 

 grafting should be adopted ; if both are broad, it is best 

 to make horizontal sections, placing them together and 

 securing in proper position by tying with matting, but not 

 too tightly, or the surface may be injured. Propagation by 

 seeds is not often adopted, as it is a very slow method ; 

 they should be sown in very sandy soil, and placed in a 

 semi-shady position untU germination commences, when 

 they may be exposeil, and very carefully watered. 



CACTUS DAHLIA. See Dahlia Juarezii. 



CADUCOUS. Falling off soon ; deciduous. 



CaSNOFTERIS. See Asplenium. 



C.3!SAIiFINIA (in honour of Andreas Csesalpinus, 

 a celebrated Italian botanist, 1519 — 1603). Brasiletto. 

 Obd. LetjuminosfE. An ornamental genus of stove ever- 

 green trees or shrubs, not much grown, on account of the 

 space required and the time the species take to flower. 

 Flowers yellow or red, produced in racemes, having a 

 top-shaped calyx, divided at the end into five parts, the 

 lowest larger than the others ; petals five, unequal-stalked, 

 upper one shortest ; stamens ten. A mixture of loam 

 and leaf mould suits them best. Cuttings are somewhat 

 difficult to root, but sometimes will succeed if taken off 

 from the mother plant in a growing state and planted in 

 sand, with a hand glass placed over them, in heat. 



C. alternifolia (alternate-leaved), fi. orange, clustered. I. alter- 

 nate, very elej;ant, compound. Central America, 1868. 



C. brasiliensis (Brazilian). Brazil Wood. jl. orange ; racemes 

 rather panicled. I. with seven to nine pairs of pinnae, each pinna 

 bearing about fifteen or sixteen pairs of oval-oblong, oDtuse, 

 glabrous leaflets. Brazil, 1739. Plant unarmed. 



C. Sappan (Sappan). fl. yellow, panicled. I. with ten to twelve 

 pair.s of pinna', each pinna bearing ten to twelve pairs of unequal- 

 sided, otdifjiiely nval-ulilong leaflets, which .are emarginate at the 

 apex. h. 40ft. 'J'ropical Asia, 1773. This tree furnishes the 

 Sappan-wood of commerce. 



C. sepiaria (hedge), y?. yellow. April. Z. compoimd ; pinnse with 

 about ten pairs of. pinnules. A. 60ft. India, 1857. ^\n. Biancea 

 ticandens. 



CSiSIGVS. Lavender-colour, bluish-grey. 



C2:SFIT0SE. Growing in tufts. 



CAFFEB, BREAD. Sre Enceplialartos Caffra. 



CAFFEB TEA. See Helichrysum nudifolium. 



CAFTA. See Catha edulis. 



CAHOUN NUTS. A name applied to the fruits of 

 Aftalea Culiiine, which yield a valuable oil. 



CAIOFHOBA. See Blumenbachia and Loasa. 



CAJAN. See Cajanus. 



CAJANUS (Catjang is the Amboyna name). Cajan. 

 Oed. Leguminosa;. A genus of erect stove evergreen 

 shrubs, clothed with velvety pubescence. Flowers yellow, 

 distinctly peduncled, corymbose, racemose ; standard some- 

 times beautifully veined with red. Leaves pinnately 



CajanuB — continued. 

 trifoliate. A light rich soil suits these plants well. Young 

 cuttings will root in sand, with a hand glass placed over 

 them, in heat ; but plants are usually raised from seeds, 

 obtained from the West Indian Islands and India. 



C. indicus (Indian).* Pigeon Pea. /. yellow, or purple-spotted, 

 in axillary racemes. July. l. pinnately trifoliate ; leaflets 

 lanceolate, h. 6ft. to 10ft. India. (B. M. 6440.) 



C. I. bicolor (two-coloured). Jl. yellow. July. h. 4ft. India, 

 1800. (B. R. 31, 31.) 



C. i. flavus (yellow), fl. yellow. July. h. 4ft. India, 1687. 



CAJUFUT OIL and CAJUFUT-TREE. See 

 Melaleuca lencadendron minor. 



CAKILE (derived from the Arabic). Sea Eooket. 

 Okd. Cruciferas. A pretty hardy annual, frequently found 

 on sea-shores. It is of easy culture in most sandy soils. 

 Propagated by seed, sown in spring. 



C. maritixna (sea), fl. lilac, large, densely corymbose. Summer 

 and autumn, /r. a succulent pod, divided, when mature, by a 

 horizontal partition into two cells, the upper containing a single 

 erect seed, the lower a pendulous one. I. oblong, deeply lobed, 

 fleshy. Stem much branched, h. lit. Sea-shores of Europe and 

 North America. 



CALABASH NUTMEG. See Monodora Myristica. 



CALABASH, SWEET. See Fassiflora maliformis. 



CALABASH-TREE. See Crescentia Cujete. 



CALABA-TREE. See Calopliyllum Calaba. 



CALADENIA (from lalos, beautiful, and aden, a 

 gland ; in reference to the disk of the labellum being finely 

 beset with glands). Oeu. Oreliidew. A genus of pretty 

 greenhouse terrestrial orchids from New Zealand and 

 Australia. They should be kept in a cool frame or green- 

 house, and carefully watered, when not in a growing state. 

 A compost of peat, loam, and sand, in equal parts, suits 

 them well. Over thirty species are enumerated, but pro- 

 bably none are seen out of botanic gardens. 



CALADIUM (derivation of name doubtful ; probably 

 of Indian origin). Ord. Aroidece. Stove perennials, chiefly 

 grown for the great beauty and varied hue of their leaves. 

 Spathe hood-like, rolled round at the base ; spadix, upper 

 portion entirely covered with stamens, but ultimately 

 becoming bare at the extreme top, provided with blunt 

 glands or sterile stamens in the middle, and ovaries 

 beneath ; anthers shield-shaped and one-celled ; ovaries 

 numerous, two-celled, with from two to four ascending 

 ovules in each cell. Leaves upon long petioles, more or 

 less sagittate, ovate, and usually very richly coloured. 

 Fruit a one or two-celled berry, with few seeds. They 

 are all of easy culture, and grow freely in a humid 

 ■atmosphere. In March, when the tubers have been kept 

 dry or rested for some time, they may be started into 

 growth again, in smaU pots, placed in a stove or pit, 

 where a night temperature of from 60deg. to 65deg. is 

 maintained, and syringed daily once or twice at least. 

 As soon as indications of activity are presented, they 

 may be shifted into 4in., 5in., or 6in. pots, or larger ones 

 may be used if good sized specimens are required. If 

 the tubers should be in large pots, it is best to turn 

 them out, dividing if necessary, and placing all the crowns 

 in small -pots, from which they can be removed when root 

 action and growth are resumed, and they require more 

 room. Large tubers, if soimd, may be divided, and the 

 pieces placed in pots of such sizes as it is desired to grow 

 them in. 



Soil. Turfy loam, leaf mould, turfy peat, and a little well 

 decomposed manure, in equal parts (not broken up too fine), 

 with a good sprinkling of sharp sand, form an excellent 

 compost, the whole being well incorporated together. 

 Thorough drainage must be insured, as these plants require 

 an abundance of water. After potting, they should be 

 placed in a stove temperature, and kept well moistened 

 by syringing two or three times daily. If accommodated 

 with mild bottom heat at this time, they will make much 



