An Encyclopedia op Horticulture. 



235 



Calamintha— co?ihHWff?. 

 herliacoous plants, having" the followinir cssontial (^lia- 

 ractors : Calyx two-lipjiod ; stanions divorii'iny ; nppcr Hp 

 of corolla nearly flat; tube straisjlit. Katbor ju'etty plants, 

 with Thyino-like flowers, well suitcVl for furnisbins: rock 

 g-ardens. They grow in ahnost any garden soil. Increased 

 by seeds, cutting-s, or divisions of the roots, in spring". 



C. Aclnos (Afinos). Basil Thyme. iX. bluish-puri>!e, varie?;ated 

 witli «liite and dark imrple,' disposed in wliurls, one on each 

 flower-sttiik. July and August. I. acute, serrate. Stems 

 bninched, luscending, leafy, h. 6in. Knglaud. Annual. Syns. 

 Acinos vidijaris and Thyinus Aclnos. (Sy. Kn. B. 1048.) 



C. alpina OUpine). jl. purplish, almost sessile, four to six in a 

 whuil, .lunu to September. I. petiohite, rouuiUshor ovate, slightly 

 st'vr.ited. h. tin. S. Europe, 1731. A freely branched, tufted 

 plant. 



C. ^andlflora (large-flowered).* Jl. purpUsh, liin. long, in loose 

 racemes; tlnoat nnich inflated. June. I. petiolate, ovate, 

 acute, coarsfly toothed, niundud at the base, 2in. to Sin. Ion,:;. 

 Herbaceous stems brajiched at the base, and decumbent, h. 1ft. 

 1596. 



C. patavlna (Paduan). /. pale or purplish-red. rather large. 

 June. /. pL-tiolate, ovate, acute, pubescent, h. 6iu. to 9iu. S. 

 Euiupe, 1776, 



CAIiAMPELIS. See Eccremocarpus. 



CAIiAMUS (from Jialamos, a reed ; old Greek name 

 used by Theoplirastus). Ord. PaXmeos. An elegant genus of 

 stove palms. Flowers small, usually of a rose or greenish 

 colour, clustered upon branching spikes, each branch 

 having a separate spatbe, which ia not large enough to 

 enclose it. Fruit one-seeded, and covered with smooth, 

 shining scales. Leaves pinnate. Stems reed-like, lin. to 

 2iu. in thickness. When in a young state, these palm.s 

 are most effective as drawing or diningroom decorations ; 

 and, when in a more mature condition, they are excellent 

 as stove ornaments and for exhibition purposes. They 

 are all of slender growth, and of easy culture in a compost 

 of equal parts loam and vegetable mould ; a copious supply 

 of water being needed to keep them in a flourishing state. 

 Propagated by seeds. C. Rotang^ C.viminaliSy and several 

 other species furnish the canes usually employed, in this 

 .country for the bottoms of chairs, couches, &c. 



C. accedens (yielding). ;. long, arching, dark green, pinnate ; 

 piniue long, narrow, closely set ; petioles with slender black 

 spines. India. A rare, but elegant, slender-growmg, miniature 

 tree. 



C. adspersns (scattered). I. pinnate ; pinnje 6in. to Sin. long* 

 narrow, deep f;reen ; petioles about 6in. in length, sheathing at 

 the base, clothed with long, slender, bhick spines. Stem not 

 much stouter than a large wheat straw, h. 20ft. Java, 1866. 



C. asperrimus (very rough).* I. pinnate, 3ft. to 12ft. long ; pinnae 

 1ft. to 2ft. in length, lin. in breadth, pendent, light green, upper 

 side %vith two rows of hair-like spines ; petioles broatlly sheatlnng 

 at the base, densely armed witli long, stout, black spines. Java, 

 1877. A beautiful species, which attains a considerable size. 

 (I. H. 275.) 



C. ciliarls (fringed).* I. pinnate, clothed with a quantity of soft 

 hair-like bristles ; petioles sheating at the base. .Stem erect and 

 slender. India, 1869. I'Vom the plume-Hke habit of the leaves, 

 it makes a splendid plant for table decoration, as well as being 

 a beautiful specimen for exhibition. 



C. draco (dragon). /. 4ft. to 6ft. in length, beautifully arched, 

 pinnate ; pinnae 12in. to 18in. long, narrow, slightly pendent, 

 dark green ; petioles sheathing at base, armed with long, flat, 

 black spines, h. 20ft. to 30ft. India, 1819. A very handsome 

 species, with a robust constitution. 



C. flssus (cleft). I. ovate in outline, pinnate, when young bright 

 cinnamon ; leaflets pendent, dark gieen, bearing on the upper side 

 a few black hair-like bristles ; petioles armed with dark, stout 

 spines. Borneo. A very ornamental species. 



C flagellum (whip-like). I. 6ft. to 8ft. in length when fully grown, 

 pinnate ; pinn;e pendent, about 1ft. in length and lin. in breadth, 

 dark green, furnished on the upper side with two rows of long, 

 white, hair-like spines ; petioles sheathing, copiously armed with 

 stout white spines, much swollen at the baae, and tipped with 

 black. Stem slender. 



C. HystriX (bristly). I. pinnate ; petioles spiny. A compact- 

 growing and very graceful species. 



C. Jenkinsianus (Jenkins's). I. pinnate, gracefully arched, 2ft. to 



6ft. long ; piniue 6in. to 12in. long, lin. broad, rich dark green ; 



petioles slightly sheathing at the base, armed with long flat spines. 



Sikkim. 

 C, leptospadix (slender-spadix).* I. piimate ; pinnides about iin. 



wide, and from bin. to 12in. long, subulately acuminate ; upper 



Calamus — ronlinued. 



surface with throe bristle-bearing ribs; a few sinalU'r bristles 

 are disposed along the midrib underneath ; margins HneJy and 

 regularly toothed with .small asceniling bristles; peti<de chan 

 iielled, tnnientnse towards the base, bearing three or four solitary 

 needle-like spines, about lin. long. India. A rare species, .and 

 descrilied as one of the most graceful. 



C. Lewisianus (bewis's).* I. ultimatelyspreading, 2ft. to 6ft. long, 

 pinnate ; pinna' equidistant. !in. luoad, and from 13in. to 15in. 

 long; veins on the upper surfare bristled, imder .surface smooth ; 

 margins rough, with aj)pn'ssi-d bristles ; petioles white, with a 

 broad, sheathing, blatki.sh-hrnwn base, densely armed with long, 

 tiat, black spines. India. A fine, but somewhat rare, species. 



C, Rotang (Rotang). I. pinnate, from 3ft. to 4ft. in length. 

 very gracefully arched; pinn?e 6in. to 12in. long, less than lin. 

 broad ; u;iii.t side dark gTcen, with two rows of hair-like spines; 

 petioles and stems armed sparingly with stout, slightly reversed 

 spines. Stems slender. Xndui. When young, especially, this plant 

 is very handsome. 



C. Royleanus (Royle's).* l. pinnate, arching ; pinnre very nume- 

 rous, narrow, pendent, deep green ; petioles with few spines, dark 

 gi'een. North-west Himalayas. 



C. spectabilis (showy).* l. pinnate, with a few pairs of smooth 

 line:ir-Iaiiitulate, three-rilibed leaflets, measuring 6in. to8in. long; 

 ]ietioli's i;n'('U, furnished with numerous sliort conical white 

 spines, tipi)ed with brown. Malacc;i. A slender-growing species. 



C. verticillarls (whorledX I. pinnate, witli a very ornamental 

 I>hinie-like appearance ; pinnw long, broad, ilrooping ; petioles 

 with the spines arranged verticillately. Malacca. This beautiful 

 species is extremely rare. 



C. viminalis (twiggy).* I. Ift. to 2ft. long, pinnate ; pinna^ about 

 6in. long, narrow, light green ; petioles sheathini;. densely armed 

 with long flat white spines. When only 3ft. or 4ft. in height, its 

 spiny whip-like spikes of flowers are often produced. Stem 

 slender, k. 50ft. Java, 1847. 



The following are other, but less-known, species : aitatraliSt elegans^ 

 inicranthus, ni'jer^ oblon'jw, and tenuis. 



CALAMUS AKOMATICUS. An old name of 

 Acorus Calamus (which see). 



CALAMUS ODORATUS. An old name of An- 

 dropog"on Schcenanthus (which see). 



CALANDRINIA (in honour of L. Oalandrini, an 

 Italian botanist, who lived in the beginning of the 

 eighteenth century). Ord. Portulacece. A rather large 

 genus of fleshy, glabrous, annual or perennial, herbaceous 

 plants, some fourteen or fifteen species growing in Australia, 

 the rest occurring in the New World. Flowers usually 

 rose or purple, solitary, or in terminal umbels or racemes. 

 Leaves quite entire, radical or alternate. Only four or flvo 

 species are cultivated in this country ; these are treated 

 as half-hardy annuals — with the exception of C. umbellata, 

 which is best treated as a biennial — and as such they are 

 extensively grown in small gardens, with most satisfactory 

 results. They should be so\vn in the spots where they are 

 intended to flower. i<^ transplantation, unless performed 



Fig. 315. Cai.anihum.v Menziesii, showing Flower and Habit. 



with more than ordinary care, will considerably check their 

 growth or result in loss. Their flowers only expand 

 diiring bright sunshine, ami, consequently^ they are less 

 grown than they otherwise would be. The plants thrive in 



