An Encyclopedia of Horticulture. 



245 



Calochortus — continued. 

 localities aii<l sheltered positions, they may be flowered 

 outside. A frame, in a siumy situation, is the best pos- 

 sible place for their cnltivation. Here they may be 

 fully exposed to the sun and air, during mild weather. 

 throuj^h the winter; and, when expedient, tliey may be 

 protected from excessive moisture, as that is the primary 

 cause of failure, rather than cold, for they are perfectly 

 hardy, and capable of enduring all the frost we are likely 

 to get. From May onwards, the lights miglit be wholly 

 removed. From the end of June to August, the bulbs will 

 be in bloom, when, if necessary, the flowers should be 

 fertilise<l to secure seed ; and when the capsules are 

 foi-raing, material assistance would be given by placing the 

 lights on again, allowing plenty of air. Assuming that 

 fresh bulbs are being planted, they should be in the soil 

 early in the autumn, as nothing is more prejudicial 

 than keeping them dry through the winter. A good depth 

 of soil should be provided, composed of fibrous loam, leaf 

 soil, and sand, in equal proportions, in a well-drained 

 position. The bulbs must be planted Sin. deep, and some 

 sand placed about them ; they may be left imdisturbed 

 for years. Of course, where no frame can be provided, 

 they may be planted in a well-drained, sunny position in 

 the same soil. They axe also easily managed in pots, but 

 it is necessary to pot in the autumn, and keep in a frame. 

 Through the winter, they must never be allowed to get dry, 

 until the leaves are withering in the autumn, wheu water 

 may be withheld. 



Propaijation. This may be effected by seeds or offsets, 

 and by the tiny bulbs frequently produced on the upper 

 portion of the stem. Sow seeds in pans, in a cool house or 

 frame, as soon as ripe, or in the early part of the year, and 

 keep the plants close to the glass during their early 

 stages, as they are very liable to damp off. Sow thinly, 

 so as to enable the young plants to pass a second season in 

 the seed pots or pans. Karly in the third season, pot off 

 and plant out singly, encouraging them to grow freely. 

 Propagation by offsets is the most usual method. With 

 liberal treatment, most of the species increase pretty 

 freely. The offsets are best removed when the plants are 

 in a dormant state. They may be either grown in pots or 

 pans, or planted out in pits or frames, until they reach 

 flowering size. During the season of rest, it is the safest 

 plan, with those in pots, to keep them in the earth in 

 which they were grown. 



C. albus (white).* Ji. snow-white, with a rich blotch, bearded and 



eiliateil, large, globose, pendent; umbels many-flowered, on steins 



from 1ft. to Uft. high. California, 1832. This handsome species 



is rare. S\:i.'Ct/dobothra alba. (B. R. 1661.) 

 C. Benthami (Benthani's).* Jl. rich yellow ; petals obtuse, 



densely covered with yellow hairs ; stem three to six-flowered. 



July, August. I. linear, much elongated. A. 4in. to Sin. Sierra 



Nevada. SVN. C. eletjaiui lutea. 

 C coerulens (bluish).* ji. lilac, more or less lineil and dotted 



with flrirk blue, the petals covered and fringed -with slender Imir.s ; 



stem two to tive-tlowered. July. I. solitary, linear, h. 5in. to 6in. 



Sien-a Nevada. 

 C. elegans (elegant).* Ji. greenish -white, purplish at base ; stems 



three flowered ; petals not ciliate on the margin, or sparingly so. 



.June. h. Sin. California, 1826. This is a rare species. 

 C. e. lutea (yellow). A synonym of C. Benthami. 

 C. Gunnisoni (<;unnis<.n's).* jl. light lilac, yello«ish-green below 



the niitltUe, with a jturple band encircling the base of the 



perianth ; large, 2in. to 3in. in diameter. Rocky Mountains. 

 C. Leichtlinii (Leichtlin's). A synonym of C. ]^'uttalln. 

 C. lilacinus (lihic).* j1. pnle pink, hairy below the middle, Uin. 



across, with three segments narrow and three l>road ; scape 



slender, leafy, bearing one to five flowers, t. solitary, narrow 



lanceolate, radical. A. bin. to Sin. Califnrnia, 1868. Svn. C. 



iimbcUafu^. (B. M. 5804, under the name of C. unijtom^.) 

 C. luteus (yellow).* il. termin.il, two or tliree together; exterior 



seginents of the perianth greenish; tlie imier yellow, Ipordered 



with purple hairs. September, h. 1ft. California, 1831. (B. R. 



1567.) 



C. L oculatus (eyed). Ji. very charming bright yellow, with 



a bnlil eye r.ii the inside of each petal. 



C, macrocarpus (large-capsuled). Jl. very large, lavender- 

 coloured, on steins Ift. high. August. California. 1826. (U. R. 

 1152.) 



Calochortus — continued. 



C. Maweanus (Mawe'.s). _rf., sepals purplish, brondly obovate 

 acute ; pet;ils white or bluish-purple, longer than the sepals, the 

 surfaces more or less covered with long purplish Iiairs. June, 

 July. I. glaucous, linear. Stem three to six-Howered. A. 6in. to 

 lOin. San Krancisco, tfcc. (B. M. 5976, figured under the name of 

 C. e(e!fan.s.) 



C. Nuttallil (Nuttall's).* Jl. large, 2iin. across ; the three smaller 

 segments of the perianth of a gi'eenish colour streaked with red ; 

 the three larger segments pure white, with a purple spot at tlie 

 l)ase on the inner surface ; two or three flowers on a stulk. June. 

 I. linear, glaucous, h. bin. (,'alifornia, 1869. SvN. C. Leichtlinii. 

 (B. M. 5862). 



C. pnlchellus 0'^a"tif»d).* _rl. bright yellow, globular, drooping ; 

 umbels three to tive-flowerecl, on stems from lOin. to 12in. higli. 

 Summer. California, 1832. A lovely species. (B. R. 1662.) SYN. 

 Ci/clobothra putchella. 



C. purpureus (purple).* ji., outer segnients of the perianth green 

 and purple outside and yellow within ; inner segments purple 

 outside and yellow within. August. h. 3ft. Alexico, 1827. 

 (S. B. F. G. ser. ii., 20.) 



C. splendens (splendid).* Jl. clear lilac, large. August, h. lift. 

 California, 1832. (B. R. 1676.) 



C. uxubellatus (umbelled). A synonym of C. lilacinus. 



C. venustus (charming).* jl. large, white, nearly 3in. in diameter, 

 yellow at the liase, deeply stained with crimson, and blotched on 

 each segment w ithcrinisun. h. lift. California, 1836. See Fig. 329. 

 (B. U. 1669.) There are three varieties of this species, viz., hrachy- 

 sepalus (short-sepaled), lilacinus (lilac), and purpureus (purple- 

 tlowered). 



CAIaODENDRON (from fcalos, beautiful, and dendron, 

 a tree). Ord. Rufarea;. A very handsome greenhouse 

 evergreen tree. Flowers in terminal panicles. Leaves 

 large, opposite, simple, crenated. It will grow freely in 

 a mixture of loam and peat. Cuttings of half-ripened 

 wood root in sand if placed under a bell glass, in gentle 

 bottom heat. 



C, capensis (Cape). Jl. flesh-coloured ; pedicels compressed, 

 dilated under the flower; panicle trichotomously divided. 

 Branches opposite, or three in a whorl, k. 40ft. Cape of Good 

 Hope, 17S9. Ihis is supposed to be one of the finest trees at the 

 Cape of Good Hope. (G. C, 1883, xix.. 217.) See Fig. 330, for 

 wliich we are indelited to Mr. Bull. 



CAI.ODRACOX. See Cordyline. 



CALONYCTION. See Ipomoea. 



CAIiOFHACA (from knlos, beautiful, and phnke, a 

 lentil; in allusion to the beauty of the plant, and to its 

 being one of the leguminous kind). Ord. Legmninosm. 

 A hardy deciduous shrub, with axillary pedunculate ra- 

 cemes of yellow flowers, and impari-pinnate leaves. This 

 is well adapted for the front" of shrubberies. It is some- 

 what difficult to propagate, except by seeds, which, how- 

 ever, in fine seasons, are produced in abundance. Grafted 

 high on the common Laburnum, it forms an object at once 

 singiilar, picturesque, and beautiful, whether covered with 

 blossoms, or with its fine reddish pods. 



C.wolgarica (Volga).* fl. yellow. May, June. L, leaflets six or 

 seven pairs, orbicular, velvety beneath, as well as the calyces. 

 ;*. 2ft. to 5ft. Siberia, 1786. (W. D. B. S3.) 

 CAZiOFHANES (from kales, beautiful, and ^diaino, to 

 appear; alluding to the flowers). Ord. Aranfhacea:. A 

 genus of about thirty species, widely distributed, prin- 

 cipally in the tropical regions of both hemispheres. The 

 best garden plant is that mentioned below ; it is an in- 

 teresting hardy herbaceous perennial, excellent for growing 

 in borders, in loam and peat, or sandy loam soil ; and may 

 be propagated by dividing the roots, in March. 



C. oblongifolia (oblong-leaved).* Jl. blue ; corolla funnel-shaped, 

 throat ventricose, limb bilobed, nearly equal ; tube of corolla one- 

 half longer than the calyx ; pedicels axillary. August. /. op- 

 posite, oblong-spathulate, entire, acuminated, h. 1ft. Florida, 

 (tc, 1S32. (S. B. F. G., ser. ii., 181.) 



CAIiOFHYIiIiUM (from italo.s, beautiful, and phyllon, 

 a leaf ; the leaves are large, of a beautiful green, and ele- 

 gantly veined). Ord. GuttifercE. Fine ptove evergreen 

 trees. Flowers disposed in axillary racemes. Leaves 

 furnished with numerous transverse, parallel nerves. They 

 thrive in a compost of lo.am, sand, and peat. Cuttings 

 of half-ripened shoots will root in sand, if placed under a 

 glass, in bottom heat. 



