An Encyclopedia of Horticulture. 



247 



CAI.OSANTHES INDICA. A synonym of Oroa-i/- 

 lum iufjirriw. 



CAIiOSCORDUM (from kalos, beautifiil, ami sl-oro- 

 dnn, j^arlic). Ord. Tjiliacea;. A f^enna of half-hardy bulbs, 

 allied to Allium, but now referred to Kothuscordnm. For 

 culture, see Calochortns. 



C. nerlnseflorum (Nerine-flowered).* /t. rose : umbels about 

 twelve-flowered ; spathe oiie-valveil. June ami July. l. n:ivro%v, 

 semi-terete, channelled above. A. 6in. Chusau, 1843. (iJ. R. 

 1847. 5.) 



CAIiOSTEMMA (from kalos, beautiful, and stemma, 

 a crown). Obd. Amaryllidacece. Handsome greenhouse 

 bulbous plants, natives of New Holland. Flowers funnel- 

 shaped, irregular ; jjerianth with the orifice surmounted by 

 a corona ; stamens erect, united by their dilated bases ; 

 ovary three-celled, many-seeded. Leaves linear-lorate. 



C, album (white), tl. white. Mav. t. ovate, acute, Sin. to 5in. 



Ions, 2in. to Jin. broad, h. 1ft. 1824. 

 C. luteum (yellow). Jl. yellow. November. I. strap-shaped, 



narrow. A. 1ft. 1819. (B. M. 2101.) 

 C. purpureum (purple), fl. purple. November (. like those of 



C. luteum. h. 1ft. 1819. '(B. M. 2100.) 



CALOTHAMNUS (from kalos, beautiful, and tham- 

 nos, a shrub ; in reference to the elegance of the shrubs, 

 from their scarlet flowers and terete leaves). Obd. Myr- 

 tacem. Greenhouse evergreen shrubs. Flowers scarlet, 

 axillary and solitary, sessile. Leaves scattered, crowded, 

 terete. They require much the same culture as Calli- 

 steTnon. Cuttings of young wood, firm at the base, will 

 root in sand, if covered by a hand glass, which requires 

 to be occasionally taken oiJ and wiped, to prevent damp. 



C. qnadrlfldus (four-cleft). /. scarlet, somewhat secund ; 

 bundles of .stamens four, distinct, equal. July. I. glabrous (as 

 well as the flowers). A. 2ft. to Mt. West AustraUa, 1803. (B. M. 

 1605.) 



C. villosa. (vilIou.s). Jt. scarlet, quinquefid ; bundles of stamens 

 equal, distinct. July to Srptemlier. t. villous (as well as the 

 fruit). A. 2ft. to 4ft. \Ve.st Australia, 1823. (B. E. 1099.) 



CAIiOTIS (from Icalos, beautiful, and ous, oios, an ear ; 

 in reference to the chaffy scales of the pappus, or seed- 

 head}. Allied to Bellium. Ord. Compositoe. Greenhouse 

 or half-hardy herbaceous perennials, rarely annuals, all 

 natives of Australia. Receptacle naked ; involucre nearly 

 equal, many-leaved, in a single or double row. They may 

 be groAvn successfully in any ordinary garden soil. Pro- 

 pagated by divisions of the root. 



C cunelfolia (wedse-leaved).* Jt. -heads blue, solitary, terminal. 

 July and August. Z. cuneate, cut, toothed at end. A. 1ft. 1819. 

 Greenhouse herbaceous perennial. (B. R. 504.) 



CAIiOTBOFIS (from halos, beautiful, and tropis, a 

 keel ; literally " beautifully twisted," apparently in refo- 

 Tence to the corolla of C. gigantea). Obd. AsclepiadecF. 

 A genus of stove evergreen shrubs, or small trees. The 

 three species bear large handsome flowers, in interpetiolar 

 umbels. They thrive best in a mixture of loam, sand, and 

 peat. Young cuttings, thinly dibbled in a pot of sand, 

 strike root freely under a hand glass, in heat. Care must 

 be taken that they do not receive an excess of moisture, or 

 they will rot. 



C. gigantea (Kigantic).* /. very handsome, a mixture of rose 

 and purple : corona shorter than the gynostegium, obtuse, cir- 

 cinately recurved at the base ; umbels sometimes, though rarely, 

 compound, surroundetl by several involucral scales. July. I. de- 

 cussate, broad, wedge-shaped, bearded on the upper side at the 

 iiase, woolly-dttwny on the under side. 4in. to bin. long. 2in. to 

 3in. broad. A. 6ft. to 15ft. India. Ac. 1690. (B, R. i. 58.) 



C. prooera (tall), jt. white ; petals spreading, marked at the top 

 by a purple spot. July. (. obovate-oblong. on short petioles, 

 whitish froui wool. A. 6ft. Persia. 1714. (B. R. 1792.) 



CALFICABPUM. See Kopsia. 



CALPIDIA. A synonym of Pisonia (which sec). 



CAIiTHA (a syncope of /in;,r//;io.s', a goblet ; in allusion 

 to tlie form of the perianth, which may bo likened to 

 a golden cup). Marsh Marigold. Ord. Ranunrulacea: 

 Hardy herbaceous perennials, of easy culture on the margin 

 of a piece of water, or in a marshy bog, or in the ordinary 

 border, where their showy blossoms look very brilliant. 



Caltha — continued. 

 Propagation is readily effected by dividing the roots, in 

 early spring, or in summer after flowering. 



C. leptosepala (slender-sepaled).* ./?. pure white, one to two upon 



erect, scape-like peduncles. May, June. l. radical, cordate, the 

 margins nearly entire, or sometimes (-renate. A. 1ft, North- 

 western America, 1827. (H. V. li, A. t, 10.) 



Fio. 331. Calth.v PALUsrais jui.nstuusa plena. 



C. palustris (marsh).* Jl. golden-coloured, large; peduncle.^ fur- 

 rowed. Spring. I. cordate, somewhat orbicular, roumlly-crenate. 

 with rounded avu-icles. Stems dichotoraous. erect. A. 1ft. Great 

 llritain. (Sy. En. B. 40.) The double forms of this species, under 

 the names of 7mna plena and monstrosa plena (see Fig. 331) 

 are excellent plants, and, though gi'owing best in the immediate 

 vicinity of water, and most appropriate for rough scenery, they, 

 like the typo, do very well in ordinary well-enriched soil. A 

 variety named purpurascens, from Southern Europe, is also 

 showy, more erect, and branching ; the shoots and pedicels 

 purplish. 

 C. p. Ijlflora (two-flowered). A twin-flowered variety of C. palus- 

 trii: North America. 1827. This is not quite so tall as the type, 

 and the flowers are rather larger. 

 C. p. pamassifolla (Parnassia-leaved). fl. yellow, on few- 

 flowered peduncles. April, May. I. cordate-ovate, crenated. 

 A. 3in. to 4in. North America, 1815. 

 C. radioans (rooting).* fl. bright yellmv, several in small cyme. 

 April May. I. reniform-cordate. sharply crenate-sen'ate, spread- 

 ing. A. 6iii. Scotland. (Sy. Km B. 41.) 

 CAIiTROFS. See Tribulus. 

 CAIiTBiOFS, WATER. Sre Trapa natans. 

 CAIiUlVIBA, FALSE. See Coscinium fenes- 

 tratum. 



CALUMBA BOOT. See JateorrUza Calumba. 

 CAIiUiyiBA WOOD. See Coscinium fenestratum. 

 CAIiYCAITTHACEJS!. A natural order of shrubs, 

 with square stems, having four woody axes surrounding the 

 central one. Flowers solitary, lurid ; calyx of numerous 

 coloured sepals compounded with the petals. Leaves oppo- 

 site, entire, exstipulate. The two genera known are Caly- 

 canthvs and Chinwnanthiis. 



CAIiTCANTHUS (from kalyx, halykos, a calyx, and 

 nnthos, a flower ; in reference to the calyx being coloured, 

 and appearing like a corolla). Allspice. Ord. Calycan- 

 thaeem. A genus of hardy, deciduous. North American 

 shrubs. Flowers lurid purple, axillary, and terminal, 

 stalked, sweet-scented ; stamens numerous. Leaves oppo- 

 site, oval or ovate-lanceolate, entire, generally rough on 

 the surface ; sweet-scented. All are handsome and well 

 worth growing. They thrive best in a peaty compost, but 

 grow freely in almost an.y soU. Increased by layers, put 

 down in tlio summer ; or by seed, sown as soon as ripe, or 

 in spring, in a cold frame. 



C, floridus (rioridan).* Carolina Allspice. /. with a sweet 

 apple scent. .May. /. ovate, downy beneath, as well as the 

 branchk'ts. Branches spreading. Wood and roots -smelling 

 strongly I. f camphor. A. 4ft. to 6ft. Carolina. 1726. .See Fig. 532. 

 (B. M. 503.) There are several varieties of this species. 



