54 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF THE 



30 per cent less tiniber than in places where turpentining 

 has not been practiced. 



2. The quality of the lumber obtained from boxed 

 timber is very much poorer than that from unboxed tim- 

 ber. Pitch pockets, streaks and wormholes are frequent 

 in the butt logs, from which, in unboxed timber, the best 

 lumber is obtained. 



These objections to turpentine operations are based 

 chiefly on the effects of the common practice of chopping 

 deep boxes in the trees. The deterioration of the quality 

 of Itmiber in boxed trees is chiefly due to fires. Fires, by 

 still further weakening the trees at the base, are, together 

 with box cutting, the cause of a great part of the damage 

 from wind storms. With proper protection froin fire the 

 damage would be greatly lessened. If with tire protection 

 a cup system is used, and logging follows turpentining 

 promptly, the present objections to turpentining would 

 be removed and the added profits could be obtained with- 

 out materially lessening those from the lumbering proper. 

 Under a cup system the growth of the trees is scarcely 

 influenced and the damage from fires (with proper safe- 

 guards) , wind storms, insects and fungi is almost eliminated ; 

 and by shallow chipping of the trees a crop of 10,000 trees 

 may be expected to yield an annual profit from turpen- 

 tining of from $1,500 to $1,800, according to the market 

 conditions and the care used in conducting the business. 

 Under these conditions turpentining can be highly profit- 

 able on a tract for from three to five years. Logging should 

 follow the abandonment of turpentining promptly, before 

 there is damage by insects. By thus properly organizing 

 the work, the highest profits from the forest as a whole 

 can be obtained. 



Under no circumstances should the box system be 

 used, not only because of the loss of timber due to damage 

 by the box, but also because, as has been proved, this 

 system is much less profitable than the cup and gutter 

 system. 



One of the greatest injuries from turpentining arises 

 from orcharding young longleaf trees too small to be 



