r 37 ] 



tte animal remains, the excavating tools made from stag's horn 

 were far more numerous in Norfolk. In all, Canon Greenwell 

 found 79 picks, some very perfect, showing marks of usage, by the 

 well-worn handles, more plainly than any obtained at Cissbury. 

 But when other organic relics were examined the principal difference 

 between the two places were seen. At Grime's Graves the bones 

 were entirely from domesticated animals — Bos Longifrons, goat, 

 sheep, pig, and dog— from which, and the fact that the majority of 

 the horns of the red deer there found were shed, it was argued that 

 the race had passed beyond the hunting stage and was verging on 

 the agricultural; a few fragments of a broken statue carved in 

 chalk also occurred. The Cissbury bones, such as had been found, 

 were nearly all feral. Bos Primigenius, otter, and stag were repre- 

 sented. The two skulls of urus which Mr Tyndall obtained were 

 as large as any ever found, and it was also the first time the 

 progenitor of the Chillingham cattle had been found in connection 

 with neolithic remains in the South of England. Then, in 

 conclusion, there was the question who were the people who made 

 these shafts, and when did they live ? and Mr Greenwell had written 

 so clear a statement of his reasoning thereon, that he could not do 

 better than read it, as it seemed as applicable to Cissbury as well 

 as to the locality for which it was written. 



" There had been only two periods during which flint of the 

 quality found there has been quarried as extensively as these 

 workings imply. One is the age when stone was the material used 

 in the fabrication of weapons and cutting implements ; the other 

 and much later one, when it was used in the manufacture of gun- 

 flints. It is evident that the latter period was not that when these 

 pits were excavated; for the animal remains alone point to an 

 earlier one, without taking into consideration the fact that, since 

 the invention of fire-arms, flint and chalk have never been quarried 

 by other tools than those of iron. There remains, then, the period 

 during which stone was used for weapons and implements. This 

 period, no doubt, was to a certain extent contemporary with the age 

 when bronze was also in use for certain articles. But before that 

 time a pure stone age had prevailed, when no metal, except perhaps 

 gold, was known. To this early period, the Neolithic, I think these 

 extensive workings must be referred. The quantity of flint that 

 has been obtained from the pits (at Grime's Graves) is so great, 



