r 69 ] 



extinct group, the Trimerellidffi, which seemed to be somewhat 

 intermediate in character between the Tretenterata and Clisten- 

 terata, certain scars which had been found, appeared to have been 

 produced by rudimentaiy lateral muscles, but it was doubtful 

 (considering the shells are furnished with teeth, though but rudely- 

 developed) that such muscles enabled the valves, as in Lingula, 

 to move forward and backward upon each other. There were 

 muscles connected with other portions of the animal, such as the 

 parietal muscles so strongly defined in the Tretenterata, and dis- 

 tinctive peculiarities of the Peduncle, &c., but which the limited 

 time at bis disposal would not allow him to describe. 



AFFINITIES OF THE BRACHIOPODA. 



It was, however, time that he should say a few words in 

 connection with the systematic position oi the Brachiopoda. As 

 they were aware, the invertebrata had been grouped into five sub- 

 kingdoms, namely, the Protozoa, Ccelentevata, Annuloida, Annulosa, 

 and Mollusca; and that for many years the Brachiopods had been 

 considered to constitute a separate class among the mollusca, a view 

 still maintained by several distinguished naturalists. Subsequently, 

 the class was removed from the Mollusca proper, and placed along 

 with the Polyzoa and Tunicata into a division to which the name 

 Mollascoidea was given. Again, within the last few years, Professors 

 Kowalevsky and Morse, in several very able memoirs, had strongly 

 urii'ed that the Brachiopods should be considered to constitute a 

 separate group among the Annelids, and it must be admitted that 

 the American and Russian zoologists have clearly shown that 

 several portions of the animal of the Bracbiopod and Amphetrite 

 pi-esented important characters in common ; but, at the sam? time, 

 as was observed to him by Professor Verrill, almost any invertebrate 

 group may be anneledelized by overrating certain points of their 

 affinities ; nor could one cast aside many true molluscous characters 

 presented by the Brachiopod, and, as was justly observed by 

 Stoliczka, there cannot be, he thought, much doubt as to the true 

 molluscous character "of the Brachiopod and their proper classifica- 

 tion between the Anomiidoe of the Felecypoda, and Saccopoda, and 

 the arm bearing section of the Cillopoda. The subject in connection 

 with the systematic position of the Brachiopoda must, therefore, be 

 left, for the present, as an open question, although he was still in 



