kingdom, it would be necessary to allude to the systems of classification 

 commenced by our countryman Ray, by Linna?us, IJrisson, and others, 

 and finally perfected by Cuvier. 



In the " Systema Naturje " Linnjeus divided the animal kingdom 

 into six groups, namely: — i. Quadrupeds ; 2. Birds; 3. Amphibia ; 

 4. Fishes ; 5. Insects ; and 6. Worms. 



Subsequently Brisson separated the cetaceous animals (whales 

 and dolphins) from the fishes and placed them next to the quadrupeds. 



Linnaeus subsequently rejected the old division of Quadruped, 

 and introduced the name of Mammalia, which, as expressing the 

 manner in which the young of viviparous animals were nourished, as 

 distinguished from oviparous animals, constituted the great distinction 

 between the first and subsequent classes of the first division of the 

 animal creation. 



The first four classes, namely, the Mammalia, the Birds, the 

 Reptiles, and the Fish, were subsequently formed into one great family 

 of vertebrate animals, and all the lower classes were comprised in a 

 second family of invertebrates. 



The arrangement 1^ Linnaeus of the invertebrates into two classes 

 (the insects and worms) was very imperfect. Cuvier was the first who 

 reduced the arrangement of the invertebrates to a satisfactory con- 

 dition. He divided the animal kingdom into four divisions, namely : — 

 I. Vertebrata ; 2. Mollusca ; 3. Articulata ; 4. Radiata. 



The only division to which he should call especial attention was 

 the third one, as that included the class, the origin and generation of 

 which was the main subject of the paper. 



The third division, called Articulata, was divided into four classes, 

 namely :— I. Annehda ; 2. Crustacea ; 3. Arachnida ; 4. Insecta. 



That portion of the animal kingdom under particular consideration 

 was, therefore, according to Cuviei-'s arrangement, the fourth class of 

 the third division. 



Cuvier divided the class Insecta into 12 orders, the principal of 

 which were :— i. Coleoptera ; 2. Orthoptera ; 3. Hemiptera ; 4. Neu- 

 roptera ; 5. Hymenoptera ; 6. Lepidoptera ; 7. Diptera. 



Professor Westwood, in his introduction to the modern classifica- 



