ii8 



Queni-folia, related by Bernouilli as having been obsened by Pro- 

 fessor Easier. Bernouilli himself observed an instance in Cceruleo- 

 cephala. 



Treviranus obsen'ed an instance of the same spontaneous 

 development in S. Ligustri, Suckow in G. Pint, and Dr. Nordman in 

 .9. PopuU. 



Shirach stated that a queen bee would sometimes lay fertile eggs 

 without copulation with the drone, and that the females produced by 

 such eggs would again lay productive eggs without having copulated. 



Professor Von Siebold had confirmed this statement of Partheno- 

 genesis in the honey-bee ; and, although originally veiy sceptical of 

 the occurrence of this phenomenon in the cases before mentioned, 

 subsequent observations convinced him that Parthenogenesis con- 

 stantly occurred in some of the Tineidas, viz., in the Genus Talaeporia 

 or, more properly, Solenobia. The two species of Solenobia in which 

 he observed Parthenogenesis constanth' to occur were S. Lichenella 

 and S. Triqueirclla. The two species of sac bearers just mentioned 

 were not, however, the only representatives of true Parthenogenesis ; 

 an equally striking example of the virgin reproduction of a female 

 insect was presented by Psyche Helix. 



Von Siebold had further established the constant occurrence of 

 Parthenogenesis in the case of Bombyx Mori (the silkworm moth). 



One more instance he would cite before closing this part of his 

 subject. He alluded to the Genus Cynips (or the Gall Flies). Of this 

 genus some twenty eight species were known, which according to 

 Hartig were all destitute of males. Hartig was said to have inspected 

 9,000 or 10,000 of Cynips divisa and 3,000 or 4,000 of Cynips folii 

 and found no single male amongst them. He even collected C. folii 

 for eight years and never obtained anything but females, and he 

 obsei-ved these female Cynipidce proceed to the deposition of their eggs 

 immediately after their issuing from the galls. A male cynips had, 

 however, been subsequently discovered. Mr. Frederick Smith, of the 

 British Museum, the well-known Hymenopterist, writing in the May 

 number of the Entomologists' Monthly Magazine for 1869, says, 

 " through the kindness of Mr. Danvin I have received both sexes of a 

 species of Cynips ; they were bred from the black oak by Mr. Benjamin 

 Walsh, the American Hymenopterist. The gall from which the male 

 and female were obtained is larger than the bullet gall of the oak, so 



