116 



value, according to Faraday, was equal to tlio raising of 47 

 millions of pounds one foot high. Or, take tho question of 

 temperature, and the same philosopher has decided that one 

 degree of heat (centigrade) Avas given to 8,000 pounds of water 

 by the chemical union of a pound of carbon with two pounds and 

 two-thirds of oxygen. Apply this immense force to the changes 

 within ladiculer cell walls, and the cause of a primitive dinesis 

 was easily grasped and explained. 



The mural claws of the common ivy are both in structure 

 and in function similar to radicles, and were only thrown out 

 between the floral axes. They were altogether absent in 

 those branches wliich hang loosely in the air. If moistened 

 with water, they would observe the globules draAvn into 

 their cul-de-sacs by endosmoso, chased through the primoidial 

 cells lying around the bases of each tuber, Avhilst these 

 suckers (he might call them) were seen to be charged with 

 starchy, gummy, and mineral grains. The tissue of these claws 

 Avas analagous to the vasiform structure, where the cells were laid 

 out end to end, and agreeably to the functions of ducts, they 

 were seen to contract also at certain intervals on their contents. 

 The radicles of "sow thistle," and a whitish rootlet of "Kanunculus 

 Acris," presented globules of a transparent fluid, which chased 

 one another, per saltern, from right to left at the solar margin of 

 the field, whilst much smaller globules and opaque non-globular 

 objects were travelling, imri-passu, from left to right, in a distinct 

 tube, the former only appearing to move between the cell walls 

 .and tubules. In another rootlet a cell wall was the cause of a 

 riotous dinetic action, as it struck him, the result of three or four 

 roitiferse, who were leaping and dancing in hilarious movements 

 . around their compartment. In a third rootlet the solar marginal 

 current was most distinct, and could only be considered as the 

 effect of endosmosis ; no similar motion was observable in the 

 body of the object. The leaf cells in the " bog-moss " were 

 known to communicate, by the fact that the rotiferae passed from 

 one cell to another, and even formed habitations in them ; so, in 



