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including Ca,mUiv., Crijptopha-r/idoe, Byrrhvla;, HyirophUldce, 

 Bitpresfdce, Elatnidce, Rhyncophora, &c. Certain orders are 

 entirely unrepresented, including the Lonjicarnes, CoccinellcB 

 (Ladybirds), the Xyloph'ir/i, McUmmata and Brachelytra. The 

 LamcUlcorms and Chryiomdincc are poorly represented. The 

 presence, in large numbers, of those beetles whose larvse are wood 

 feeders, and who in their perfect state are usually found on or 

 under the bark of trees, is evidence of the existence of woods or 

 forests (luring this period. The presence of several genera of 

 fungus beetle's impHes the existence of fungi, but as yet none have 

 been discovered. Of the Byrrhida; four species have been found 

 in this formation; three of them, Byrrhkllum, Arenatum, B. 

 Mm-io, and B. Iroylodyfcx, are among the most abundant insects 

 at Schambelen, and as they are all moss feeders, Professor Heer 

 .su[.pose3 that the ground and trunks of the trees were more or 

 less covered with mosses, although no remains of these plants 

 have been preserved. The leaf-eating beetles are represented by, 

 amongst other species, two of the family Chry^omdidoc. The 

 presence of a small Coprophagous beetle (Aphodiifes protogmis), 

 so closely resembling the Aphodll which now live on the excre- 

 ments of cattle, Avould lead to the presumption of the existence 

 At that time of mammalia in Switzerland. All the before-named 

 beetles are herbivarous species. Of the carnivorous beetles we 

 have 29 species, including Tdephoridce and Carabidce. The water 

 beetles are represented by some 20 species. The Ortlwptera com- 

 prise three species of cockroaches, three grasshoppers, and one 

 oar-wig ; and the Neuroptera are represented by 6 species of 

 Termites (or white ants) and one dragon fly (LibelluUdm), CEschna 

 Hageni, which is larger than any living species. It may be safely 

 inferred from the richness of the insect fauna that the land must 

 have been of considerable extent. The Aquatic insects, 

 especially, afford evidence of this fact. Their numbers are so 

 great as to imply the presence of a river or large lake, the exists 

 ence of which in a small island is improbable. Many of the 

 insects are of large size, but the majority are small, some even 



