72 Transactions of the Canadian Institute. [vol. x. 



there are weighty reasons against this conclusion and which make it 

 practically certain that it is not the Gait moraine but a later one that 

 unites with the Wyoming moraine at Gibraltar. The reasons for this 

 conclusion will be given in the discussion of the next moraine. 



The moraines of the Lake Erie ice lobe described above have their 

 correlatives on the south side of Lake Erie in a group of moraines which 

 run along the face of the Alleghany escarpment. They have been mapped 

 and described by Mr. Frank Leverett in U.S. Geological Survey Mono- 

 graph XLI, 1902. Fragments of three moraines belonging to this series 

 are shown on the map south of Buffalo — the Gowanda, Hamburg and 

 Marilla moraines. These are probably correlatives of some of the 

 moraines shown on the Canadian side, but their relations have not 

 Deen fully determined. 



The drainage associated with this moraine is even more remarkable 

 than that related to the Paris moraine. Being below the escarpment 

 most of the way from Singhampton to Credit Forks, the water was 

 confined in a narrow valley. This valley was first aggraded or filled with 

 gravel in several of its wider parts, only to be deeply trenched at a later 

 stage by the same stream. The deep channel in the gravel filling east 

 of Lavender illustrates this condition. East of Primrose and between 

 Violet Hill and Mono Centre the same changes took place. One mile 

 southeast of Granger the remains of a cataract about 75 feet high may 

 be seen. During the first part of the time of this moraine the ice mounted 

 too high on the salient of the escarpment east of Orangeville to let the 

 water past, so it kept to the old channel past Orangeville to Cataract 

 and Credit Forks. 



At Credit Forks the glacial river found a lower passage than the old 

 channel by running close along the edge of the ice where the latter rested 

 on the edge of the escarpment, thus flowing in a bed the east bank of which 

 was the ice itself. In this relation the river ran to a point three miles 

 south of Acton and the result is that the Gait moraine is almost entirely 

 washed away in this interval and the old river bed for nine miles lies on 

 the edge of the escarpment with no bank on its east side, but a steep 

 descent of 200 feet or more to the Credit River. South of Eden Mills 

 the Paris and Gait moraines are merged together forming high ground 

 and leaving no passage for the river, which on this account cut a valley 

 100 feet deep westward through the Paris moraine, emerging at Eden 

 Mills, where it re-entered the older channel. This it followed to Preston, 

 where it found an opening back through the Paris moraine to Gait, and 

 went thence southward in the narrow valley between the two moraines 

 and emptied into one of the glacial lakes below Scotland. 



