74 Transactions of the Canadian Institute. [vol. x. 



of Buffalo related in the same way as the Port Huron -Wyoming 

 moraine to the Arkona beaches, but it is also related to the Whittle- 

 sey and Warren beaches in the same way as is the moraine in the Lake 

 Huron basin. Thus, while the Wyoming moraine clearly extends up to 

 Gibraltar on the highland, it is not continued southward along the 

 escarpment in the Gait moraine, but in the Crystal Beach moraine, or 

 in a bulkier moraine made up of a union of two or three of the slender 

 moraines on the Niagara peninsula. Such a moraine extends from 

 Copetown northward back of the escarpment nearly to Limehouse. 



2. The Fort Erie Moraine. — This is the next of the slender group 

 on the Niagara peninsula. It begins at Fort Erie, where it is well de- 

 fined, and extends with one or two weak intervals past Welland to 

 Binbrook, Glanford to the complex at Ancaster. It has the same weak 

 development and in the middle part of the peninsula is extremely faint. 

 It continues eastward in New York as the Buffalo moraine. 



3. The Niagara Falls Moraine. — This moraine is extremely faint 

 east of Chippawa, but to Niagara Falls and westward is distinct and 

 fairly strong. It keeps its strength quite well westward past St. Ann, 

 Smithville and Elfrida to Ancaster. Niagara River has cut deep embay- 

 ments into it on the west side of the river at the Falls. This moraine 

 is continued in New York in the Tonawanda moraine. 



4. The Vinemount Moraine. — This moraine lies on the top of the 

 escarpment and close to its edge throughout its whole course from the 

 Brock monument above Queenston to Hamilton, and excepting in two 

 or three short intervals is quite sharply defined with a relief of 15 to 35 

 or 40 feet . It is narrow and not bulky, but is clearly defined. Between 

 St. David's station on the Grand Trunk Railway and Camden and again 

 from Mount Albion west it sets back one or two miles from the escarpment, 

 but elsewhere is much closer, generally less than half-a-mile back. 

 This moraine is continued in New York in the Barre moraine, which 

 continues on the brow of the escarpment to Lockport. 



A later moraine, called the Albion moraine in New York, has not 

 been surely identified west of Niagara River. A few knolls were found 

 along the face or base of the escarpment that may belong to it, the most 

 prominent ones lying between Bartonville and Stoney Creek. 



All of these moraines are substantially horizontal in their courses 

 across the Niagara peninsula, but they rise a little toward Ancaster. 

 West of Ancaster the first three or four appear to combine into a single 

 more bulky ridge and this, after making a sharp turn to the north around 

 Copetown, runs northeast and north back of the escarpment to Lime- 



