76 Teansactions of the Canadian Institute. [vol. x. 



strongly marked old river bed between Tottenham and Georgetown and 

 deposited the gravels upon which the latter town is built. It was the 

 outlet of a temporary lake in the valley to the north. The lake was 

 probably narrow, but extended a considerable distance to the north, 

 for great delta terraces were built by the streams descending from the 

 escarpment in quiet waters standing at the level of the head of this outlet 

 northeast of Palgrave. 



3. The Bolton Moraine. — This moraine begins at the base of the 

 escarpment west of Milton and extends in a gradual curve past George- 

 town and Bolton station and thence in more irregular form to King. It 

 is waterlaid and quite faint in most parts. In all probability it follows 

 the escarpment south to the Dundas valley, where it continues in some 

 one of the moraines of the Niagara peninsula. 



4. The Oak Ridges Moraine. — Southeast of King the Bolton moraine 

 appears to unite with the higher landlaid deposit which extends to 

 Maple and thence northeast past Bond Lake to the main high ridge 

 which lies between Lake Ontario and the Trent valley. The deposits 

 eastward from King and Maple are quite complex and their relations 

 are not fully made out. The large, deep depressions or basins which lie 

 along its central axis suggest that it is an interlobate deposit, the south 

 half made by the Lake Ontario lobe partly overlapping the north half 

 made earlier by the Simcoe lobe. South and west of Bond Lake the deposit 

 has rather smooth slopes, but near Maple and around Bond Lake and 

 eastward it is very rugged. Eastward from Willcocks Lake the broad, 

 high and hilly ridge forms one of the strongest moraines in Ontario. To 

 the vicinity of Burke ton Junction it was built mainly by ice moving 

 north out of the Lake Ontario basin. This is clearly established, for 

 along the whole south side of the deposit from King and Maple east- 

 ward the ground moraine slopes up imperceptibly into the terminal 

 moraine without any deposit of sandy or gravelly outwash. On the other 

 hand there are extensive outwash deposits along much of the north side, 

 showing clearly that in this part the ice was facing north while the 

 moraine was being built. Detailed studies have thus far been carried 

 only about 5 miles east of the south end of Scugog Lake. Beyond that the 

 general course of the ridge is well known, as shown upon the map, but 

 the details remain to be studied. 



5. The Scarhoro Moraine. — This moraine begins at the base of the 

 escarpment southwest of Ash and runs roughly parallel with the lake 

 shore to Toronto. At Scarboro bluffs it rests on the edge of the high 

 cliffs and is being cut away by the lake. From Scarboro it runs north- 

 east in a nearly direct line to Claremont and thence eastward to a point 

 4 miles east of Columbus, which is as far as it has been studied. It is 



