1913I The Moraine Systems of Southwestern Ontario. 79 



is in some places lOO feet or more. The regions farther north and north- 

 west have not yet been studied and the relations of this moraine are 

 not fully made out. Between Glen Major and High Point its ridges 

 appear to be overridden obliquely by the Oak Ridges moraine. 



Conclusion. 



In this paper I have drawn attention almost exclusively to the 

 terminal moraines of the \^isconsin ice sheet. There is older drift in 

 large quantities in some parts of the area, notably at Toronto and north 

 and east of the city. It also forms a deep deposit in the region west and 

 southwest of Lake Simcoe and several exposures of it were found at 

 and near Niagara Falls. The most famous beds, however, are here in 

 the city of Toronto and have been studied and most interestingly de- 

 scribed by Prof. A. P. Coleman of Toronto University. Another citizen 

 of Toronto, Mr. J. B. Tyrrell, has also contributed much to our know- 

 ledge of the Ice Age by exploring the centres of glacial accumulation in 

 the Far North. Many other phases of the drift deposits might have 

 claimed part of our attention, such as drumlins, eskers, kames, old 

 drainage lines, lake beaches, deltas, etc. But the chief object was to 

 present some account of the system of terminal moraines, and the 

 number to be mentioned and briefly described was so great that there 

 has been no room for the consideration of other forms. Some of the old 

 river channels, however, have been mentioned, because they help so 

 greatly in the interpretation of the successive positions of the ice front, 

 and reveal at the same time the great function of the solid ice mass, 

 sometimes as a barrier controlling rivers and at others as a greater 

 barrier holding up lakes of larger size than the Great Lakes of to-day. 



The very fragmentary and incomplete nature of the observations 

 and studies here presented is of course evident. But in presenting the 

 results I have not tried to conceal the unfinished state of the investiga- 

 tions, but have sought rather to point out the unsolved problems in the 

 belief that this course will do more to arouse the active interest of others, 

 and especially of Canadian geologists, than the selection of some more 

 complete and specialised phase of the subject. I have sought to do no 

 more than present a general view of the moraine system of southwestern 

 Ontario, as far as it is now known, and to give some hints on the bearing 

 of this system upon the development of the surface features of this part 

 of the Province. 



