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the Alabama, Florida, Georgia and Shenadoah. This was by Article I 

 of the Treaty referred to five arbitrators, one to be appointed by the 

 Queen, one by the President, and one by each of the potentates, the 

 King of Italy, the President of Switzerland and the Emperor of Brazil. 

 The English Commissioner was Sir Alexander J. E. Cockburn, Lord 

 Chief Justice of England, the American, Charles Francis Adams, son of 

 President John Quincy Adams, born in Boston, a student of Daniel 

 Webster, called to the Bar but never having practised, a member of the 

 State Legislature and afterwards of Congress, and Minister at the Court of 

 St. James. The King of Italy appointed Count Frederic Sclopis, a dis- 

 tinguished judge, who became President of the Commission; the Presi- 

 dent of Switzerland, M. Jacques Staempfli, an advocate, who had been 

 thrice President of the Swiss Confederation; and the Emperor of Brazil, 

 Baron (afterwards Viscount) d'ltajuba, who had been a professor in the 

 faculty of law of Olinda. 



This Board met at Geneva, and, Cockburn dissenting, rendered an 

 award, September 14th, 1872, allowing the United States the sum of 

 $15,500,000 as indemnity. The award met some criticism in England, 

 but the amount was promptly paid, 



15. There were claims distinct from the Alabama claims. A number 

 of Confederate raiders had left Montreal and plundered the town of St. 

 Alban's, Vermont; some daring Confederates had attacked American 

 steamers on Lake Erie; vessels had been detained at Calcutta because 

 laden with saltpetre, etc. On the other hand, there were British claims 

 against the United States — detention of vessels, destruction of property 

 or its appropriation by the United States, unlawful arrest, etc. 



These were, by Article XII of the Treaty, referred to three Com- 

 missioners, one to be appointed by each Government, and the third by the 

 Governments jointly; if they could not agree, then by the Spanish 

 Minister at Washington. 



The British Commissioner was Russell Gurney, Recorder of London 

 and Judge of the Sheriff's Court; the American, James Somerville 

 Frazer, formerly a Judge of the Supreme Court of Indiana; and the third, 

 named by the Queen and President conjointly, Count Louis Corti, 

 Italian Minister at Washington. 



They disallowed all the American claims, and, September 25th, 1873, 

 made a final award of $1,929,819 in favour of Britain. 



16. The next reference was of great importance. By the Convention 

 of 1 818, the United States had renounced the right to fish within three 

 marine miles of British land, with certain exceptions. By the Reci- 

 procity Treaty of 1854 they were given further rights so long as that 

 Treaty should be in force; the Treaty was abrogated in 1866 and the 

 United States were accordingly relegated to their position under the 



