80 GAME BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA. 
BONASA UMBELLUS. 
Geographical Distributzon.—Eastern United States and South- 
ern Canada, from Massachusetts to Northern Georgia; Missis- 
sippi and Arkansas, and westward to the Dakotas. 
Adult Male.—Upper parts varied with yellowish brown and 
gray, barred on head, neck, upper part of back and wings, with 
black and rufous; lower part of back and rump gray, interspersed 
with dark red, and ovate spots of pale buff, surrounded with 
black; conspicuous, rather broad, streaks of buffy white on scapu- 
lars and wing-coverts; primaries, grayish brown, outer webs 
barred with ivory white; upper tail-coverts, gray, mottled, and 
barred, with black; tufts of broad, lengthened feathers on either 
side of neck, black, tipped with light brown and metallic green; 
throat, buff, faintly barred with brown; lower parts, buff on the 
chest, white on remaining parts, barred with brown, darkest and 
most conspicuous on the flanks, and just beneath the throat; 
under tail-coverts, buff, barred with blackish and with a V-shaped 
white mark at tip; tail, gray or yellowish brown; sometimes 
rusty, mottled with black, and crossed by irregular buff bands, 
bordered above by black, and a broad, subterminal black band 
bordered above and below, with gray, mottled with black, the 
upper gray bar bordered above with a narrow black bar; legs, 
feathered to middle of tarsus; maxilla, black; mandible, horn 
color. Total length, about 16 inches; wing, 74; tail, 64. 
Adult Female.—Not to be distinguished from the male, save 
she is slightly smaller, and has either very small neck tufts or 
none at all. 
Downy Young.—Upper parts, chestnut, darkest on front and 
top of head; rest of plumage, light buff, darkest on sides of 
head, with a conspicuous black line from back of eyes, across 
ear-coverts; bill, pale yellowish. 
