CANADIAN RUFFED GROUSE, 87 
ing of the eggs, all closely resemble those already de- 
scribed in the article on the Ruffed Grouse. 
BONASA UMBELLUS TOGATA. 
Geographical Distribution.—Northern New York, and New 
England, and in Northern Idaho, Oregon, and Washington in 
the United States, and throughout the Dominion of Canada, to 
the district of New Caledonia, in British Columbia. 
Adult Male.—Upper parts grayer than in the typical style, 
the brown markings especially on lower back and rump very 
conspicuous, and the gray ovate spots rather broadly surrounded 
with black; upper tail feathers, dark biuish gray, mottled and 
barred with black; under parts hardly distinguishable from the 
typical Ruffed Grouse, though perhaps the bars on flanks are 
usually darker; tail, mostly gray, irregularly barred, and mottled 
with black, the median feathers inclined to a yellowish brown, 
and a subterminal black band; large tufts of feathers on each 
side of neck, smoke-brown edged with metallic green. Measure- 
ments about the same as those of 2. wmbellus. 
Adult Female.—With the exception of the neck tufts, which 
are either wanting or very small, there is no difference observa- 
ble in the plumage of the female. While the birds found within 
the limits of distribution given above may properly be consid- 
ered as representing a well-marked race of the typical Ruffed 
Grouse, it is very doubtful if the ordinary observer would detect 
anything in their plumage to indicate that they were different 
from the more southern species, and would probably consider 
them as all of the same kind. Specimens vary considerably, and 
it is not always easy for the expert to recognize the present race; 
knowledge of the locality from which the bird comes being often 
essential for a determination of its identity. 
