WILLOW PTARMIGAN. 147 
less and tame, rarely making any very serious effort 
to escape from man (even in more southern localities, 
where they are much hunted), that it is not a very diffi- 
cult matter, even without firearms, to secure at one time 
enough to satisfy the members of a moderately large 
community. 
LAGOPUS “LAGOPUS. 
Geographical Distribution.—Arctic regions of both Hemi- 
spheres. In America ranging south to Sitka and British Prov- 
inces, Newfoundland, accidental in New England. 
Adult Male in Summer Plumage.—Top of head, back of neck, 
and entire upper parts, barred with chestnut, ochraceous, and 
black, some feathers having their central portions all black, form- 
ing blotches, and more or less of the feathers tipped with grayish 
white; scapulars and tertials like the back; primaries, white, with 
dark brown shafts; secondaries, white, with white shafts; in some 
specimens the shafts of the primaries are nearly black, and the 
coloring extends over a portion of the inner web; throat, sides of 
neck, and breast, light chestnut, darkest on lower part of breast, 
barred everywhere except on throat with black; flanks, dark 
brown, barred and mottled with black, occasionally a buff bar 
appearing among the black ones; entire rest of under parts, with 
legs and toes, pure white; upper tail-coverts, like the back; tail, 
black, extreme base and tip, white; bill, black. Total length, 
about 14 inches; wing, 73; tail, 54. 
Some examples have the sides of head, throat, fore-neck, and 
upper parts of breast uniform chestnut, becoming darker at 
times, indeed almost black toward the white under parts. 
Adult Female in Summer Plumage.—Top of head, back of 
neck, andentire upper parts, with upper tail-coverts, black, barred 
with ochraceous, and feathers tipped with white; scapulars, ter- 
tials, and some of the wing-coverts, like the back ; throat, sides 
and front of neck, buff, with an ochraceous tinge on cheeks, 
barred irregularly with black, the bars taking more the form of 
spots on the throat; entire rest of under parts and under tail- 
coverts, buff, coarsely barred with black, some feathers having 
nearly white tips; primaries and secondaries, white, the former 
with dark brown shafts; tail, brownish black, tipped with white, 
