160 GAME BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA. 
and with occasionally apical black bars and white tips; inner 
secondaries and tertials, like the back; wing-coverts generally, 
and many of the secondaries and primaries, white, the latter 
with brownish shafts; abdomen and rest of under parts, white, 
the former mottled with black; under tail-coverts, white; thighs, 
white; bill, black; claws, dark horn color. Total length, 13; 
inches; wing, 7%; tail, 48; tarsus, 18; bill, 1; exposed cul- 
men, 3. 
Adult Female in Spring.—Head and upper parts, tawny och- 
raceous, almost tawny, barred with black, and most of the 
feathers tipped with white; tertials and innermost secondaries, 
similarly marked and colored, but with not so bright a hue; sec- 
ondaries, most of wing-coverts, and primaries, white, with pale 
brown shafts; middle tail feathers, like the back, remainder, 
clove brown, with white bases and tips; chin, white; throat, 
breast, and flanks, bright ochraceous, barred with black, and 
many feathers with white tips; center of breast and belly, white; 
under tail-coverts, pale ochraceous, barred regularly with black; 
thighs and tarsi, white; bill and claws, black. Total length, 
13¢ inches; wing, 7%; tail, 44; tarsus, 1; bill, #; exposed cul- 
men, 4 inch. 
The females of this subspecies vary in color, some being very 
much lighter than the one just described, with correspondingly 
broader black and white markings, and the white much clearer 
and purer. 
The Winter Plumage is pure white in both sexes, but the 
male has a black loral streak. 
