4 Bev. T. A. Marshall's monograph of 



In descriptions the wings are supposed to be extended 

 at right angles to the body, as in flight. Between the 

 costa and subcosta lies the costal areolet, which in the 

 fore wing is contracted to a vanishing point by the 

 junction of the two nervures ; in the hind wing it is 

 distinct, although open above, the costa being obsolete. 

 The enlargement at b, just before the stigma, formed by 

 the ends of the costa and subcosta, is the parastigma. 

 The recurrent nervure, or interior discoidal, is called 

 interstitial when the point m coincides with n ; rejected, 

 when it falls into the 1st cubital areolet (as in the fig.) ; 

 and evected, when it falls into the 2d. Similarly the 

 pobrachial transverse is interstitial when it joins the 

 13ra3brachial at the point f; and the anal nervure, when 

 the point g coincides with c. In the hind wing the radial 

 areolet is petiolated when it is remote from the prse- 

 brachial ; and contiguous, when the two areolets touch 

 at the point c (as in the fig.) ; near ?> is a row of 

 several small hooks by which the wings are united during 

 flight. 



The number of species in which the wings are un- 

 developed is small in the Braconidce, compared with the 

 other parasitic groups of Hymenoptera. The apterous 

 species known are the female Pambolidcs, Sjxitlmis 

 pedestris, Wesm., ? , Chasmodon apterus, Nees, c? and ? ; 

 the species with abbreviated wings are Ganychorus 

 amhidans, Hal., G. aptenodytes, Marsh., Panerema inops, 

 Forst., and Diaspasta contracta, Hal. 



In counting the joints of the antennae, the minute 1st 

 joint, or radicle, immersed in the head, is to be disregarded. 

 The 1st joint will therefore be i\\Q scape (of authors) ; gene- 

 rally long and stout. This is succeeded by what appears 

 to be a very short joint, but in reality consists of two, 

 soldered together ; these two, for the sake of convenience, 

 are reckoned as one, in accordance with the method 

 originated by Gravenhorst, and followed by Wesmael, 

 Haliday, and others. 



It may be useful to define a few terms of frequent 

 occurrence in descriptions. 



The face is that portion of the front of the head 

 which lies between the antennae, the clypeus, aud the 

 eyes. 



The front, or forehead, extends from the antennae to 

 the foremost ocellus. 



The vertex is the space between the foremost ocellus 



