markings and attitudes of Icpidojyterous larrcE. 285 



persistent in after stages, and they are therefore described 

 in detail. This stage lasts about six or seven days in 

 most instances. At the close of the stage (before 

 changing the skin) the larva? are about 12 mm. long 

 when extended in walking. (Fig. 2, x B, Plate VII., 

 shows a larva at this period of growth). The larva is 

 about 10*5 mm. long when rather retracted at rest, the 

 horn 4 mm. long. 



Stage II. — The markings of this stage almost exactly 

 resemble those of the last (see fig. 3, x 2, Plate VII.), 

 and the origin of the lines and stripes from linear series 

 of shagreen dots is equally obvious. The large spots 

 and long hairs have now disappeared, except those that 

 enter into the 8th stripe and indistinct line above the 

 subdorsal on the thoracic segments. This line is whiter 

 than the other markings, which are yellowish white (see 

 fig. 8, X 3). Minute hairs still terminate the shagreen 

 dots, whether arranged in lines or covering the surface 

 of the body. This fact is true of the dots whenever 

 they appear in any stage. The margins of the claspers, 

 tips of true feet, and spiracles have a pinkish tinge. 

 The horn is pink immediately after the change of skin, 

 but it soon darkens, and possesses a brownish-red 

 ground colour covered with dark tubercles (shagreen 

 dots) pointing upwards and terminated by minute hairs. 

 The apical pair is arranged so as to cause a bifid termi- 

 nation, but this is not nearly so distinct as in the last 

 stage. On each side of the base the ground colour of 

 the horn is free from tubercles, and hence appears as a 

 brownish red continuation of the 7th oblique stripe. 

 The horn is movable, and is sometimes depressed, so as 

 to become parallel with the line of the back, while at 

 other times it is elevated to the usual position of an 

 angle of 45°. The same thing occurs in the first stage. 

 The larva still rests, as a rule, on the midrib of the 

 under side of a leaf. The head is shagreened, and shows 

 indications of its ultimate appearance in the occurrence 

 of a marginal line (white) round the face. In this 

 stage the oblique stripes are very distinct, and the sub- 

 dorsal indistinct, except anteriorly. The length of a 

 full-grown larva comfortably stretched at rest is about 

 18 mm. After ecdysis the skin is, I believe, always 

 eaten, except the head and horn, which seem to be 

 invariably rejected. This stage lasted about nine days 

 in most cases. 



