312 Mr. V oulion''s further notes upon the 



backwards. There is not much tendency towards falling 

 after disturbance, but a thread is always ready if the 

 larva should be roughly shaken from its hold. The 

 larva is still hairy, but the hairs are less prominent. 

 There is the same pair of small tubercles posteriorly, 

 and they remain throughout larval life. The markings 

 are very similar to those of the last stage. The anterior 

 white band is by far the most distinct, and consists of 

 two chief rather yellowish patches with smaller dots. 

 It is continued underneath, but is interrupted at the 

 sides. The two succeeding bands are comparatively 

 inconspicuous, and are formed of small dots. The 

 fourth is not sharply defined and bright, but is much 

 broader than any of the others, being continued on to 

 the 5th abdominal segment as a light greyish cloud. 

 This cloud is continued (becoming narrower) on to the 

 ventral surface. There is a light line on the sides of 

 the first three thoracic segments, and traces of the same 

 line further backwards at the junction of the lighter 

 ventral and darker dorsal ground colours. There is 

 also a very faint white line in the position of the sub- 

 dorsal, extending from the 2nd abdominal segment to 

 the posterior end of the body. The dorsal ground 

 colour is very dark brown, becoming dull black behind 

 the 5th abdominal segment. The colour is darker in 

 front of and behind the first white band and anterior to 

 the last band. The depth of the ground colour varies 

 in different individuals. The ventral ground colour is 

 lighter brown. The darkening in front of the posterior 

 white band is continued on to the sides, but not 

 ventrally. The protective resemblance (in colour and 

 attitude) is evidently to the excrement of birds. The 

 size is rather small for this, but it is probable that both 

 the colours and the habit have been handed backwards 

 from more advanced stages. It is, however, very likely 

 that the resemblance is of use in this stage, although 

 the small size must be the chief protection, at any rate, 

 from some enemies. Towards the close of the stage 

 there are some changes which anticipate the appearances 

 which follow the next ecdysis. Thus the 4th and 5th 

 abdominal segments become rather swollen, and the 

 light cloudy colour extends and produces a somewhat 

 mottled appearance on this part of the larva. 



Stage 111. — (See fig. 17, natural size, Plate VII.). 

 This stage began sixteen days after hatching in the case 



